Adab Guru dalam Mendidik Anak Menurut Al-Ghazali dalam Kitab Al-Adab fi al-Din dan Relevansinya terhadap Pembelajaran di Sekolah Indonesia

Abstract

Many Islamic scholars have contributed valuable thoughts on teaching and learning, among them Imam al-Ghazali, a prominent figure whose works remain influential. One of his significant writings after Ihya Ulumuddin is al-Adab fi al-Din, which discusses manners and ethical conduct in daily life to draw closer to Allah SWT and attain His pleasure. Within this work, al-Ghazali emphasizes the etiquette of teachers and students, highlighting its impact on moral values reflected in the behavior of learners, teachers, and Islamic education more broadly. This study employs a library research approach or literature study, involving activities such as collecting sources, reading, noting, and analyzing research materials. The method used is content analysis, which focuses on describing, analyzing, and interpreting texts to extract meaning from written communication. Data was obtained from books, journals, articles, and particularly the works of Imam al-Ghazali. The findings reveal that, according to al-Ghazali, the ideal etiquette of a teacher lies in optimizing the teaching and learning process. A teacher should embody humility (tawadhu’), avoid arrogance, serve as a role model, possess strong motivation in teaching, adapt to students’ intellectual abilities, nurture their potential, and demonstrate compassion. The relevance of these concepts in the context of modern education is evident in their focus on fostering moral values and building a religious society. An ideal teacher, based on al-Ghazali’s perspective, is one who teaches sincerely, is humble, compassionate like a parent, understands students’ capacities, develops their potential, cooperates in problem-solving, and prevents deviant behavior.