Integrasi Artificial Intelligence dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam: Efektivitas, Tantangan Etika, dan Rekomendasi Pengembangan

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has become an important innovation in the digital era, offering opportunities to enhance the quality of teaching and learning. However, this transformation also presents challenges related to technology readiness and ethical considerations. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of AI in PAI, identify the main obstacles and ethical risks associated with its use, and propose recommendations for its responsible implementation. Using a qualitative library research approach, this study reviews relevant academic literature, analyzes thematic patterns, and synthesizes findings from various implementations of AI in Islamic educational contexts.

The results show that AI significantly improves student engagement, supports personalized learning, and facilitates the internalization of Islamic values when applied under teacher guidance. Case examples demonstrate its positive impact on both cognitive and spiritual learning outcomes. Nevertheless, the study also reveals challenges, including limited infrastructure, low digital literacy among teachers, and risks such as privacy violations and algorithmic bias. It concludes that AI should serve as a supportive tool complementing teachers’ roles rather than replacing them. Recommendations include strengthening teacher AI literacy, enforcing ethical standards, and developing policies that ensure AI use remains effective and aligned with Islamic educational values.