Blank Vote on the Simultaneous Regional Elections in Indonesia: Islamic Constitutional Law Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v22i2.07Abstract
The increasing number of single candidates and blank votes in the simultaneous regional elections is a fact in the democratic process in Indonesia. This paper discusses blank votes in simultaneous regional elections, which are a dilemma in enforcing the principles of democracy. Furthermore, it discusses blank votes from the perspective of Islamic constitutional law. The research method uses normative juridical with a statutory, conceptual and case approach. The results show that the fact of single candidates in the simultaneous regional elections which are legitimized by laws and regulations opens up the opportunity for blank votes to emerge which are "deemed" as a solution in the democratic process in the regions. The author argues that the single candidates and blank votes in the simultaneous regional elections are a dilemma in realizing the principles of democracy. On the one hand, the principles of democracy must be upheld as mandated by the constitution, but on the other hand, the regional election process must continue even with only a single candidate. Islam offers principles in the implementation of state administration, namely prioritizing syura (deliberation), fairness, not siding with the wrong and prioritizing equality. Al-Mawardi emphasized that political practices in the election of state leaders require religion as a moral force, charismatic leaders and justice for all people. That idea is relevant to the principles of democracy in Indonesia, where religion, humanity, unity, deliberation and justice are its basis. This study is expected to be a reflection material to realize a more democratic election.
Keywords:
References
Abdullah, Sigit Ridwan. “Tujuan Negara Dalam Islam Menurut Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi.” Asy-Syari’ah 19, no. 1 (2017): 15–36.
Afifi, Abdullah A, and Afifi Fauzi Abbas. “Islam, Wacana Negara Dan Geliat Politik Di Indonesia.” Perwakilan: Journal of Good Governance, Diplomacy, Perlembagaan Adat and Social Networks 1 (2023): 1–27.
Afrizal Candra, Anton. “Pemikiran Siyasah Syar’iyah Ibnu Taimiyah (Kajian Terhadap Konsep Imamah Dan Khilafah Dalam Sistem Pemerintahan Islam).” UIR Law Review 1, no. 02 (2017): 161–72.
Al-Qaradhawi, Yusuf. Meluruskan Dikotomi Agama Dan Politik Terj. Khairul Amru Harahap. Jakarta: Pustaka al-Kautsar, 2008.
Alvarez, R Michael, D Roderick Kiewiet, and Lucas Núñez. “A Taxonomy of Protest Voting.” Annual Review of Political Science 21 (2018): 135–54. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-120425.
Barsihannor, Oleh. “Pemikiran Abu Al-A’la Al-Maududi.” Jurnal Adabiyah Vol. XIII Nomor 8, no. 2 (2013): 139–48.
Beetham, David. “The Quality of Democracy: Freedom as the Foundation.” Journal of Democracy 15, no. 4 (2004): 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2004.0057.
Cardoso, Magda, Luiz Henrique Dias Afonso, Roberto Ribeiro Neli, and Wyrllen Everson Souza. “Simplified Model Relating Blank and Null Votes to Voter Turnout from Brazilian State Elections Results.” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications 645, no. 1 (2024): 129777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2024.129777.
Damanik, Erond L. “Pemilihan Tanpa Kontestasi: Kotak Kosong versus Kandidat Tunggal Pada Pilkada Serentak 2018 Di Kabupaten Deli Serdang.” In Tantangan Yang Dihadapi Dalam Dunia Pendidikan Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0;, 507–11. Medan: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Medan, 2018.
Diana, Rashda. “Al-Mawardi Dan Konsep Kenegaraan Dalam Islam.” Tsaqafah 13, no. 1 (2017): 157–76.
Diwakar, Rekha. “The 16th General Election in India, April–May 2014.” Electoral Studies 37 (2015): 120–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.11.005.
Flanagan, Brian. “A Dilemma for Proceduralist Theories of Democracy: Elected Delegates or Elected Monarchs?” The American Journal of Jurisprudence 69, no. 3 (2024): 205–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajj/auae018.
Franklin, Julian H. “Bodin’s Early Theory of Sovereignty.” In Jean Bodin, 53–83. Routledge, 2017.
Gianturco Gulisano, Adriano, and Isadora Darwich. “Abstentionism, Blank Vote and Invalid Ballot Papers: Evidences from Brazil and EU.” Available at SSRN 2548161, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2548161.
Harianto, Harianto, Wawan Budi Darmawan, and Muradi Muradi. “Kemenangan Kotak Kosong Pada Pilkada Kota Makassar Tahun 2018.” Society 8, no. 2 (2020): 546–56. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.203.
Hartina, St, and Hernadi Affandi. “Pilihan Tanpa Pilihan: Kolom Kosong Dan Perlindungan Ham Dalam Pemilukada Calon Tunggal.” Masalah-Masalah Hukum 53, no. 1 (2024): 67–78. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.53.1.2024.67-77.
Hartono, Hasim. “Urgensi Putusan MK Nomor 60/PUU-XXII/2024 Terhadap Penyelenggaraan Pilkada Tahun 2024.” Jurnal Intelek Dan Cendikiawan Nusantara 1, no. 4 (2024): 5374–83.
Hasan, Hamsah. “Hubungan Islam Dan Negara: Merespons Wacana Politik Islam Kontemporer Di Indonesia.” Al-Ahkam 1, no. 25 (2015): 19–42. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2015.1.25.192.
Hendrawan, Rikki, and Muhammad Adhe Agassi. “Penerapan Blank Vote Dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Di Indonesia: Solusi Atau Anomali Bagi Demokrasi.” Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 10, no. 2 (2024): 271–92. https://doi.org/10.35194/jhmj.v10i2.4711.
Hill, Lisa. “Does Compulsory Voting Violate a Right Not to Vote?” Australian Journal of Political Science 50, no. 1 (2015): 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.990418.
Iqbal, Muhammad. Fiqh Siyasah Konstekstualisasi Doktrin Politik Islam. Jakarta: Kencana, 2016.
Ismail, Zaky. “Penegakan Supremasi Hukum Dalam Al-Qur’an.” Al-Risalah 11, no. 01 (2018): 43–64. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v11i01.474.
Kelsen, Hans. The Essence and Value of Democracy. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2013.
Khayat, Abdul Aziz Izzat Al. An Nizham As Siyasi Fi Al Islam. II. Kairo: Dar As Salam, 2004.
Kurniawan, Wawan. “The Legal Analysis Of The Nomination Of Former Convicts Corruptions In Convinient Elections In 2020.” DiH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 20, no. 1 (2024): 25–33. https://doi.org/10.30996/dih.v20i1.9521.
Larasati, Septifa Indah, and Gamalel Rifqi Samhudi. “Analisis Pengaturan Dan Implementasi Pemilihan Kolom Kosong: Tinjauan Terhadap PKPU Dan Undang-Undang Pemilihan Kepala Daerah.” Jurnal Hukum Legalita 6, no. 2 (2024): 123–32. https://doi.org/10.47637/legalita.v6i2.1540.
Lestari, A. “Kotak Kosong Memenangkan Pemilihan Umum Kepala Daerah.” Lex LATA 1, no. 2 (2019): 80–90. https://doi.org/10.28946/lexl.v1i2.468.
Makris, Spiros. “Robert Dahl: Democracy De-Territorialized.” In Global Encyclopedia of Territorial Rights, 1–8. Champ: Springer, 2024.
Mardatillah, Aida. “Dinamika Keabsahan Memilih Kotak Kosong Di Pilkada.” https://www.hukumonline.com/, 2024. https://www.hukumonline.com/stories/article/lt6707981208c0f/dinamika-keabsahan-memilih-kotak-kosong-di-pilkada/.
Mooduto, Andika Muhammad Arifin, and Uu Nurul Huda. “Urgensi Keberadaan Lembaga Pemantau Pemilihan Sebagai Pengawal Suara Kolom Kosong.” ADLIYA: Jurnal Hukum Dan Kemanusiaan 15, no. 1 (2021): 19–36. https://doi.org/10.15575/adliya.v15i1.9409.
Muhammaddiah, Muhammad Rusdi. “Etika Qurani Ketatanegaraan Indonesia Perspektif Quraish Shihab.” Politica: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara Dan Politik Islam 9, no. 1 (2022): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.32505/politica.v9i1.3967.
Mulyadi, Dedi, Cindy Claudia Simbolon, Nayla Ratu Baidhowi, Pusfa Januwati, Ardelia Lananda, and Mila Arastasya Rahmah. “Fenomena Kotak Kosong Dalam Pilkada Tahun 2024.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Publicum 5, no. 2 (2024): 233–63. https://doi.org/10.55551/jip.v5i2.185.
Nazriyah, R. “Calon Tunggal Dalam Pilkada Serentak Tahun 2015 Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No 100/PUU-XIII/2015.” Jurnal Konstitusi 13, no. 2 (2016): 379–405. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1327.
Pachón, Mónica, Royce Carroll, and Hernando Barragán. “Ballot Design and Invalid Votes: Evidence from Colombia.” Electoral Studies 48 (2017): 98–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2017.05.005.
Pradana, Arioseno-Dwi, Nur Hidayat-Sardini, and Hendra Try Ardianto. “Hegemoni Politik Fenomena Calon Tunggal Dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Dan Wakil Kepala Daerah Tahun 2020 (Studi Perbandingan Kota Semarang & Kabupaten Boyolali).” Journal of Politic and Government Studies 12, no. 1 (2022): 417.
Prilani, Prilani, and Setio Budi H Hutomo. “Konfigurasi Komunikasi Politik Atas Fenomena Calon Tunggal Pada Pilkada Kabupaten Kediri Tahun 2020.” Jurnal Komunikasi 12, no. 2 (2020): 282–97. https://doi.org/10.24912/jk.v12i2.9624.
Putri, Eka Febriana, and Zainuddin Zainuddin. “Konsep Negara Menurut Perspektif Al-Mawardi.” JISRAH: Jurnal Integrasi Ilmu Syariah 3, no. 1 (2022): 19–26. https://doi.org/10.31958/jisrah.v3i1.5779.
Putterman, Ethan. Rousseau, Law and the Sovereignty of the People. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Qoroni, Waisol, and Indien Winarwati. “Kedaulatan Rakyat Dalam Konteks Demokrasi Di Indonesia.” Inicio Legis 2, no. 1 (2021): 51–64. https://doi.org/10.21107/il.v2i1.11079.
Rahman, Rofi Aulia, Iwan Satriawan, and Marchethy Riwani Diaz. “Calon Tunggal Pilkada: Krisis Kepemimpinan Dan Ancaman Bagi Demokrasi.” Jurnal Konstitusi 19, no. 1 (2022): 47–72. https://doi.org/10.31078/Jk1913.
Rahmawati, Rahmawati. “Sistem Pemerintahan Islam Menurut Al-Mawardi Dan Aplikasinya Di Indonesia.” DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum 16, no. 2 (2018): 264–83.
Sanjaya, Andreas Ryan, and Yohanes Thianika Budiarsa. “‘Melawan Kotak Kosong’: Analisis Marketing Politik Enam Pasangan Calon Tunggal Pada Pilkada 2020 Di Jawa Tengah.” Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 13, no. 1 (2024): 115–34. https://doi.org/10.14710/interaksi.13.1.115-134.
Sari, Melina Vasni Jovita. “Pengaruh Kampanye Negatif Dan Keberpihakan Calon Petahana Kepada Pemodal Terhadap Perilaku Memilih Kotak Kosong (Studi Kasus Pilkada Kabupaten Pati 2017).” Journal of Politic and Government Studies 8, no. 2 (2019): 71–80.
Sobari, Wawan. “Logika Politik Transaksional Petahana Dalam Pilkada: Analisis Pembelahan Politik.” Jurnal Keadilan Pemilu 1, no. 2 (2020): 13–24. https://doi.org/10.55108/jkp.v1i2.167.
Superti, Chiara. “The Blank and Null Vote: An Alternative Form of Democratic Protest?” Manuscript. Harvard University. 2016. www.almendron.com/tribuna/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/blankasprotest-final.pdf.
Syafei, Rachmat. “Hukum Islam Sebagai Dasar Hukum Universal Dalam Sistem Pemerintahan Modern.” MIMBAR: Jurnal Sosial Dan Pembangunan 16, no. 4 (2000): 289–304. https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v16i4.24.
Warjiyati, Sri. “Peranan Partai Politik Islam Dalam Pelaksanaan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Serentak Di Indonesia.” Al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Perundangan Islam 9, no. 2 (2019): 274–99. https://doi.org/10.37058/jipp.v1i3.2282.
Widyatama, Zulfikar Yoga. “Konsep Kepemimpinan Menurut Al-Mawardi.” Ijtihad 8, no. 1 (2014): 87–104. https://doi.org/10.21111/ijtihad.v8i1.2589.
Woodford, Clare. “Democracy, Sovereignty, and the People.” Journal of Social and Political Philosophy 3, no. 1 (2024): 97–101.
Zada, Khamami, and Mujar Ibnu Syarif. Fiqh Siyasah Doktrin Dan Pemikiran Politik Islam. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2008.
Zaman, Qamaruz. “Pemikiran Politik Ibnu Taimiyah.” Politea: Jurnal Politik Islam 2, no. 2 (2019): 111–29. https://doi.org/10.20414/politea.v2i2.1507.
Downloads
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Irma Mangar, Nur-amimi Tahe , Muhammad Rosyid Ridho , Asri Elies Alamanda, Shinta Azzahra Sudrajat
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Hukum Islam use a variety of waivers and licenses that are specifically designed for and appropriate for the treatment of data:
- Open Data Commons Attribution License, http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/(default)
- Creative Commons CC-Zero Waiver, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
- Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication and License, http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/pddl/1-0/
Other data publishing licenses may be allowed as exceptions (subject to approval by the editor on a case-by-case basis) and should be justified with a written statement from the author, which will be published with the article.
