<b>Puzzle Games in Problem-Based Learning to Enhance Students' Character Values Understanding</b>
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28918/vsrj3c97Abstract
Students’ low understanding of character values remains a significant issue in Civic Education (PPKn) at the elementary school level. This limitation affects students’ ability to internalize and apply character values in real-life situations. Therefore, an instructional approach that effectively links conceptual understanding with real-world contexts is required. This study aims to improve students’ understanding of character values in the cognitive domain through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model supported by puzzle media. The study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles involving third-grade students at SDN Purwoyoso 04. Data were collected using tests and observation sheets. The results indicate that the implementation of the PBL model assisted by puzzle media effectively improves students’ understanding of character values. The percentage of learning mastery increased from 74% in the pre-cycle to 84% in Cycle I and reached 93% in Cycle II. This finding suggests that contextual learning supported by concrete media helps students better understand and relate character values to real-life situations. It is important to note that the improvement observed in this study primarily occurred in the cognitive domain, particularly in students’ understanding of character values, rather than directly indicating changes in students’ character.
Keywords:
References
Altavilla, G., Manna, A., Lipoma, & M. (2021). Relevance of empathy in educational relationships and learning processes. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21, 692–695. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s1069
Berkowitz, M. W., & Schwartz, M. (2006). Character education. Children’s needs III: Development, prevention, and intervention, 15–27.
Darmawati, P., & Bundu & Manda, D. (2017). Problem based learning model development of civic education to improve the motivation and learning outcomes. International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, 12(9), 2049–2061. http://www.ijese.net/makale/1967.html
David, L., & Weinstein, N. (2023). Using technology to make learning fun: Technology use is best made fun and challenging to optimize intrinsic motivation and engagement. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 39, 1441–1463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-023-00734-0
Dewantara, J. A., Suhendar, I. F., Rosyid, R., & Atmaja, T. S. (2019). Pancasila as ideology and characteristics civic education in Indonesia. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies, 1(5), 400–405. https://doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v1i5.1617
Hmelo‐Silver, C. E., Bridges, S. M., & McKeown, J. M. (2019). Facilitating problem‐based learning. The Wiley handbook of problem‐based learning, 297–319. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119173243.ch13
Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2013). Introducing critical participatory action research. The action research planner: Doing critical participatory action research, 1–31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-67-2_1
Komalasari, K., & Saripudin, D. (2018). The Influence of Living Values Education-Based Civic Education Textbook on Students’ Character Formation. International Journal of Instruction, 11(1), 395–410. Doi: https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.11127a
Lickona, T. (1996). Eleven principles of effective character education. Journal of moral Education, 25(1), 93–100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724960250110
Munasib, M., Taufiq, M., Sumantri, & R. A. (2023). The urgency of civic education in nation character building. COMPETITIVE: Journal of Education, 2(3), 169–177. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58355/competitive.v2i3.46
Muspika, I. I., Dewi Nazarina, V., Rahmadila, W. A., Guru, P., Dasar, S., & Pringsewu, U. M. (2025). Pengembangan Puzzle Interaktif Sebagai Media Edukatif Untuk Menanamkan Nilai Pancasila Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Menulis: Jurnal Penelitian Nusantara, 1(6), 157–159. https://doi.org/10.59435/MENULIS.V1I6.335
Noor, H., Roshayanti, F., Wakhyudin, & H. (2023). Penggunaan model problem-based learning untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi simbol dan nilai-nilai Pancasila. Jurnal Pendidikan, 6(1), 4120–4127. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i1.3534
Nurizka, R., Manik, & L. (2022). Pengembangan media puzzle berbasis make a match untuk pembelajaran PKn di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan, 6(1). https://journal.upy.ac.id/index.php/pkn/article/view/3795
Rohimah, A. S., Yonanda, D. A., & Rachmadtullah, R. (2024). The Effect Of Puzzle Media-Assisted Problem-Based Learning Model On Student Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Elementaria Edukasia, 7(4), 3455–3462. https://doi.org/10.31949/jee.v7i4.13152
Rosfiani, O., Wahyuni, S., Irawan, M. D., Nurdianto, W., Guna, & A. P. M. (2024). Problem-based learning in civics education: A classroom action research in Indonesia. EDUTREND: Journal of Emerging Issues and Trends in Education, 1(3), 176–185. https://doi.org/10.59110/edutrend.303
Savery & J. R. (2006). Overview of problem-based learning: Definitions and distinctions. Review of Educational Research, 76(3), 449–458. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7771/1541-5015.1002
Siregar, T. (2025). Classroom action research-based learning innovations: Kemmis and McTaggart models. https://doi.org/DOI:10.20944/preprints202510.1440.v1
Walker, D. I., Roberts, M. P., & Kristjánsson, K. (2015). Towards a new era of character education in theory and in practice. Educational review, 67(1), 79–96. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2013.827631
Widyatmoko, H. (2019). The development of educational puzzle game based on the local wisdom using flash media to educate the students’ characteristic of primary school. Refleksi Edukatika: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 9(2), 192–198. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24176/re.v9i2
Wijnia, L., Noordzij, G., Arends, L. R., Rikers, R. M., & Loyens, S. M. (2024). The effects of problem-based, project-based, and case-based learning on students’ motivation: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 36(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09864-3
Yadav, N., Gupta, K., & Khetrapal, V. (2018). Next education: Technology transforming education. South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases, 7(1), 68–77. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2277977918754443
Yusnan, M. (2022). Implementation of character education in state elementary school. ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 5(2), 218–223. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v5i2.21019
Downloads
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Fitriana, Mikke Novia Indriani, Mahmud Yunus Mustofa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
