Research misconduct means fabrication, falsification, citation manipulation, or plagiarism in producing, performing, or reviewing research and writing an article by authors, or in reporting research results in mathematics education. When authors are found to have been involved with research misconduct or other serious irregularities involving articles that have been published in scientific journals, the Editors of Circle: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika have a responsibility to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the scientific record.
In cases of suspected misconduct, the Editors and Editorial Board will use the best practices and flowcharts of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) to assist them in resolving the complaint and addressing the misconduct fairly. This will include a formal investigation of the allegation by the Editors. A submitted manuscript that is found to contain such misconduct will be immediately rejected. In cases where a published paper is found to contain such misconduct, a formal retraction can be published and will be permanently linked to the original article.
Initial Assessment: The first step involves determining the validity of the allegation and assessing whether the allegation is consistent with the definition of research misconduct. This initial step also involves determining whether the individuals alleging misconduct have relevant conflicts of interest.
Author Notification and Response: If scientific misconduct or the presence of other substantial research irregularities is a possibility, the allegations are shared with the corresponding author, who, on behalf of all of the co-authors, is requested to provide a detailed written response and supporting evidence (such as raw datasets, test instruments, or statistical output files).
Expert Evaluation: After the response is received and evaluated, additional review and involvement of independent experts (such as statistical reviewers or mathematics education specialists) may be obtained.
Resolution for Minor Irregularities: For cases in which it is unlikely that intentional misconduct has occurred, clarifications, additional analyses, or both—published as letters to the editor, and often including a formal correction notice (Corrigendum or Erratum) to the published article—are sufficient.
Institutional Involvement and Retraction: Institutions affiliated with the authors are expected to conduct an appropriate and thorough investigation of allegations of scientific misconduct when requested. Ultimately, authors, journals, and institutions have an important obligation to ensure the accuracy of the scientific record.
By responding appropriately to concerns about scientific misconduct, and taking necessary actions based on the rigorous evaluation of these concerns—such as corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions—Circle: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika will continue to fulfill its responsibilities of ensuring the validity, transparency, and integrity of the scientific record.
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