Dekonstruksi Hukum Riba dalam Perbankan Modern: Analisis Kritis terhadap Epistemologi Hukum Syaikh Ali Jum’ah

Zulhamdi Zulhamdi; Abdullah Abdullah; Muhammad Ikbal

doi:10.28918/elhisbah.v6i1.14833

Authors

Zulhamdi Zulhamdi Universitas Islam Negeri Sultanah Nahrasiyah Lhokseumawe
Abdullah Abdullah Universitas Islam Negeri Sultanah Nahrasiyah Lhokseumawe
Muhammad Ikbal STIS Ummul Ayman Pidie Jaya Aceh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.28918/elhisbah.v6i1.14833

Abstract

The debate regarding the legal status of conventional bank interest in contemporary Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) discourse on transactions has not yet reached an absolute consensus. The majority of Islamic scholars and international fatwa institutions establish the equivalence of bank interest and usury (riba). However, Sheikh Ali Jum'ah, the former Grand Mufti of Egypt, offers a different paradigmatic reading. This article aims to analyze Sheikh Ali Jum'ah's epistemologis and methodological constructions in assessing modern banking law. This research uses a qualitative method based on library research with a content analysis approach to his works and fatwas. The results show that Sheikh Ali Jum'ah does not essentially condone usury, but rather deconstructs the nature of banking transactions. His three main arguments include: (1) the shift in the contract from qardh (debt) to tamwil (financing/investment); (2) the classification of banking transactions as al-uqud al-mustahdatsah (new contracts) oriented toward macro-benefit; and (3) the change in the nature of money from an intrinsically valuable commodity (gold standard) to fiat money, which is vulnerable to inflation, positioning yields as an instrument for hifz al-mal (protection of wealth). This article concludes that Ali Jum'ah's fatwa is based on the maqasid sharia approach and the adjustment of illat (legal reasons) that respond to the complexities of the modern economy without violating the principles of sharia justice.

Keywords:

Ali Jum'ah; Bank Interest; Usury; Contemporary Muamalah Jurisprudence; Maqasid Sharia.

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