Empowerment of Islamic Ethics and Javanese Hindu Ethics in the Formation of National Character

Main Article Content

Daryono
Suparman Syukur

Abstract

This research seeks to examine the strengthening of Islamic and Hindu ethics in Java, playing a pivotal role in shaping the character of Javanese society and extending influence to the broader Indonesian community. Given the dominance of Javanese traditions, particularly in societal behavior, the empowerment process unfolds through interconnection and transformation within religious activities. This process brings forth the inherent genius of the local Javanese populace, fostering a religious dimension. This empowerment occurs by emphasizing the concentration of feelings (rasa) as the basis for behavior and the objectification of Javanese people's religious beliefs. The analysis methodology adopts content analysis with a comparative approach and an anthropolinguistic perspective. The goal of this methodological approach is to unveil the mechanism for cultivating profound self-awareness in relation to others, translating acquired knowledge (kaweruh) into tangible actions as a religious model. The resulting model of religious objectification represents the local genius and behavioral characteristics of Javanese Muslims. The study reveals that the features of religious objectification, expressing the truths inherited from ancestors, transform into local wisdom with an Islamic or Hindu religious essence. This transformation is indicated by three key Javanese cultural values: harmony, functional structure, and transcendental aspects. The applicability of these three values, especially for the Surakarta and Yogyakarta areas, also serves as an identity for the ethos of religious harmony and a factor in forming the behavioral character of Javanese Muslims and may extend to influence the Indonesian people in general.

Article Details

How to Cite
Daryono, & Suparman Syukur. (2023). Empowerment of Islamic Ethics and Javanese Hindu Ethics in the Formation of National Character. Jurnal Penelitian, 20(2), 155–170. https://doi.org/10.28918/jupe.v20i2.1950
Section
Artikel
Author Biographies

Daryono, Universitas Semarang

 

 

Suparman Syukur, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

 

 

References

al-’Akkad, Abbas Mahmoud, (1973). Ketuhanan Sepanjang Ajaran Agama-Agama dan Pemikiran Manusia. Bulan Bintang.

Alwi, Hasan (Pim.Reds). (2001). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Balai Pustaka.

Anderson, Benedic R.O’G (1977). “The Idea of Power in Javanese Cultur”, dalam Mitsuo Nakamura & Mohamad Slamet (ed.), Religion and Social Ethos in Indonesia. Monash University Centre of Southeas Asian Studies.

_______, (2003). Mitologi dan Toleransi Orang Jawa. Bentang Budaya.

Aryandini S. Woro, (2002). Wayang dan Lingkungan. UI Press.

Asy’arie, Musa, (2001). Filsafat Islam Sunnah Nabi dalam Berfikir. LESFI.

Bagus, Lorens, (2002). Kamus Filsafat. Gramedia.

Baharudin, M. M. (1973). Konsepso Ketuhanan Sepanjang Sejarah Manusia dalam Al-AdYaN: Vol. IX.

Benda, Harry J., (1980). Bulan Sabit dan Matahari Terbit: Islam Indonesia pada Masa Pendudukan Jepang. Pustaka Jaya.

Berg.C.C., (1985). Penulisan Sejarah Jawa. Bhratara Karya Aksara.

Bratasiswara, Harmanto, (1998). Paparan Ringkas Tripama Piwulang Budi Luhur Karya KGPAA Mangkunegara IV. Reksapustaka Pura Mangkunegaran.

Cederoth, Hans Antlov dan Sven (Peny.). (2001). Kepemimpinan Jawa Perintah Halus, Pemerintah Otoriter. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Daryono. (2017). Etos Dagang Orang Jawa Pengalaman Raja Mangkunegara IV. Pustaka Pelajar.

Daryono. (2023). Etos Dagang Orang Jawa Islam. Lawwana.

Daryono. (2022). Moral Philosophy of Capitalism in View of Trading Ethos of Javanese Islamic People, Jurnal Ekonomi, 11 (02)

Eliade, Mircea, (1958). Patten in Comparative Religion. Evans Pritchad E.E.

Gertz, Clifford, (1992). Kebudayaan dan Agama. Kanisius.

Hadisutjpto.S.Z., (1979). Terjemahan Serat Wedhatama Karya kGPAA Mangkunegara IV Surakarta Hadiningrat. Pradnya Paramita.

Hadiwijono, Harun, (1983). Manusia dalam Kebatinan Jawa Abad XIX. Sinar Harapan.

Nasution, Harun, (1983). Falsafat Agama. Gramedia.

Haris, Munawir, (2004). Diskursus Etika Religius Perspektif Nurcholish Madjid dan Franz Magnis Suseno. Pustaka Pelajar.

Kartoatmodjo.M.M.S., (1983). Arti Air Penghidupan dalam Masyarakat Jawa. Proyek Javanologi.

Kartodirdjo, Sartono, (1993). Perkembangan Peradaban Priyayi. UGM Press.

Khalim, Samidi, (2008). Islam dan Spiritualitas Jawa. RaSail.

Koentjaraningrat. (1994). Kebudayaan Jawa. Balai Pustaka.

Kuntowijoyo. (1997). Identitas Politik Umat Islam. Mizan.

Kuntowijoyo. (2004). Raja, Priyayi dan Kawula: Surakarta 1900 - 1915. Ombak.

Leahy, Louis, (1994). Filsafat Ketuhanan Kontemporer. Kanisius.

Loomba, Ania, (1998). Colonialism/Post Colonialism. Routledge.

Majid, Nurcholis, (1997). Bilik-Bilik Pesantren: Sebuah Potret Perjalanan. Paramadina.

Mudhofir, Ali, (1996). Kamus Teori dan Aliran dalam Filsafat dan Teologi. UGM Press.

Mulder.Niels, (1996). Pribadi dan Masyarakat di Jawa. Sianar Harapan.

Mulder.Niels, (2001). Mistisisme Jawa Ideologi di Indonesia. LKiS.

Pemberton.John, (2003). "Jawa on the Subject of “Jawa.” Mata Bangsa.

Poedjawijatno. (1975). Filsafat Sana-Sini. Kanisius.

Resodidjojo (peny.). (1929). Terjemahan Serat Wulangreh Karya Sunan Paku Buwana IV. G.C.T. Van Dorp & Co.

Ricklefs.M.C., (2021). Samber Nyawa Perjuangan Seorang Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia Pangeran Mangkunegara I. Kompas Press.

Romdon (ed.). (1980). Agama-Agama di Dunia. IAIN Sunan Kalijaga Press.

Rumadi. (2007). Rumadi, “Prolog Mengawali Pluralisme di Tengah Keagamaan Negara”, dalam Ahmad Suaedy dkk, Politisasi Agama dan Konflik Komunal, Beberapa Isue Penting di Indonesia. The Wakhid Institute.

Sachedina, Abudlaziz, (2001). The Islamic Roots of Democratic Pluralism. Oxford University Press.

Sibarani, Robert, (2021). Kearifan Lokal: Hakikat, Peran dan Metode Tradisi Islam. Asosiasi Tradisi Lisan (ATL).

Simuh. (1988). Mistik Islam Kejawen R. Ng. Ranggawarsita Studi tehadap Serat Wirid Hidayat Jati. UI Press.

Shatri.N.D. Pandit, (1963). Sejarah Bali Dwipa. Bhuwana Saraswati.

Siswokartono.W.E, Oetomo, (2006). Sri Mangkunegara IV sebagai Pujangga dan Penguasa (1853-1881). Aneka Ilmu.

Soebardi. (1975). The Book of Cabolek. Martinus Nijhoff.

Subagya, Rachmat, (1980). Kepercayaan Kebatinan, Kerohanian, Kejiwaan dan Agama. Kanisius.

Subagya, Rachmat. (1987). Agama Asli Indonesia. Sinar Harapan.

Sudarto. (2016). Religionisasi Indonesia: Sejarah Perjumpaan Agama Lokal dan Agama Pendatang. Gramedia.

Sumadinngrat, Gunawan,. (2003). “Budaya Jawa dan Integrasi Nasional”, dalam: Leilan Retna Kumala (Ket.Pan.), Keraton Surakarta dan Perubahan Masyarakat, Membumikan Nilai-Nilai Tradisional. Team Simposium Nasional.

Sumukti, Tuti, (2005). Semar Dunia Batin Orang Jawa. Galang Press.

Suparlan, Parsudi, (1981). "Beberapa Pokok Masalah dalam The Religion of Java Karya Gertz, dalam Prakata Clifford Gertz, Abangan Santri Priyayi dalam Masyarakat Jawa. Dunia Pustaka Jaya.

Surahardjo.Y.A, (1983). Mistisisme suatu Introduksi dalam Usaha Memahami Gejala Mistik termasuk yang Ada di indonesia. Pradnya Paramita.

Suseno.Franz Magnis, (1983). Etika Jawa dalam Tantangan, sebuah Bunga Rampai. Kanisius.

Suseno.Franz Magnis. (2001). Etika Jawa sebuah Analisa Falsafi tentang Kebijaksanaan Hidup Jawa. Gramedia.

Syukur, Suparman, (2015). Studi Islam Transformatif Pendekatan di Era Kelahiran Perkembangan dan Pemahaman Kontekstual. Pustaka Pelajar.

Thohir, Mudjahirin, (n.d.). Multi-Kulturalisme Agama, Budaya dan Sastra. Gigih Pustaka Mandiri

Vlekke, Bernard H,M., (1959). Nusantara, A History of Indonesia. Wholly Revised Edition The Hague.

Zarkasi.Efendi, (1977). Unsur Islam dalam Pewayangan. PT al-Ma’arif.