Determinan Profitabilitas Bank: Bukti dari Bank Konvensional Indonesia (2015–2024)

Abstract

This study examines the influence of Net Interest Margin (NIM), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO) on the profitability of conventional banking in Indonesia, measured by Return on Equity (ROE), during the 2015–2024 period. Using a quantitative approach, multiple linear regression is applied to analyze the relationship between the variables based on annual financial data of conventional banks. The F-test results show that the model is statistically significant, indicating that NIM, LDR, and BOPO collectively affect ROE. The t-test results reveal that NIM has a significant positive effect on ROE, while BOPO has a significant negative effect, demonstrating the strong roles of interest margin performance and operational efficiency. Meanwhile, LDR exhibits a positive but statistically insignificant influence at the 5% level, indicating a weak relationship between liquidity management and profitability. The coefficient of determination shows that 74.09% of the variation in ROE is explained by the model, confirming that the variables used provide substantial explanatory power. Overall, the findings emphasize that profitability in Indonesia’s conventional banking industry is primarily driven by interest margin strength and operational efficiency.