From Nonbinding to Binding: Legal Authority Transformation of DSN–MUI Fatwas within the National Legal System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v23i2.03Abstract
In Islamic jurisprudence, a fatwa is nonbinding, even for the person requesting it (mustafti). However, in the context of Islamic Economic Law in Indonesia, the Dewan Syariah Nasional–Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN–MUI) fatwa has a strong binding force not only for mustaftis but also for businessmen, regulators, and the government. This article examines the transformation of the DSN–MUI fatwa’s authority to its binding force within the national legal system. By combining doctrinal and socio-legal approaches within a legal pluralism framework, an analysis of regulations and policies in the field of Islamic economic law—banking, insurance, financing, capital markets, sharia cooperatives, and related DSN–MUI fatwas—is conducted. The authority theory of Weber and Beetham is used as an analytical tool. The findings indicate that the state has been accommodating to Islamic economics and has provided formal space for DSN–MUI fatwas since the reform. For the sake of legal certainty, the state recognizes the sole authority of the DSN–MUI in determining Islamic economic law, where any legal system other than Islamic law or even the state cannot fill the legal vacuum within the spectrum of legal pluralism. The DSN–MUI gained exclusive rights through its fatwas bureaucratization and strategic positioning within the government, Islamic community organizations, and the public. Internal oversight within each business entity supported the incorporation of DSN–MUI fatwas into formal regulations. The DSN–MUI fatwa authority transformed from traditional to legal-rational, gaining legal validity, normative justification, and social legitimacy through widespread acceptance. This research enriches the literature on the institutionalization of religious authority within the modern legal system and strengthens the scientific basis for developing Islamic Economic Law.
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