Understanding The Phenomenon of Fake Crazy Rich and Fraudulent Investment in Indonesia from the Philosophy of Happiness in Hazrat Inayat Khan ’ s Sufism

The phenomenon of crazy rich as one of modern materialism and hedonism have poisoned the life of Indonesian’s younger generation in the current millennial era. They have been eroded by worldly pleasures. Tempted by the glamorous and luxurious lifestyle of crazy rich people, they were willing to flaunt the wealth of property that was not yet theirs. Many people have fallen victim to their fraudulent investments in Indonesia. They did it to being able to deceive many people for investing their money in their fraudulent investment businesses. Those who cheated or were cheated have actually been deceived by worldly pleasures. What they got were not real happiness, but fake happiness and even the misery and humiliation of life. This phenomenon is interesting to read from the perspective of Inayat Khan’s philosophy of happiness in his Sufism. Inayat Khan differentiates happiness from pleasure. The first term refers to a true happiness, while the second one refers to a pseudo happiness. The relationship between pleasure and happiness is that of falsehood and trueness. His conception is relevant to be used as a theoretical framework to analyse the phenomenon of fake crazy rich and fraud investment in Indonesia. The phenomenon shows the preference of young Indonesians to pursue the material and physical wealth as a measure of a successful life by all means, both good and bad. This, from the viewpoint of Inayat Khan’s philosophy of happiness, is a false fulfilment of life satisfaction.


INTRODUCTION
Digital media and social media that are connected to the internet network, since its emergence in the 1980s and continues to grow today, has provided a strategic role as an online public communication space between many people across continental borders on various issues of human life.For instances, in political issues, politicians use social media for a political marketing (T.Towner and D. Dulio 2012), and even in religion, the religious ideas and movements are marketed through social media to attract public attention to sector have provided convenience of human modern life.One of them is the opening of opportunities to make money.YouTube and social media have been widely used by people to make money, such as through the online purchasing and selling, creatively content making, and investment businesses.(Lucas P. Forbes and Eve M. Vespoli 2013, 107-108) Social media on the internet has also been widely used to influence and attract the attention of many people related to certain businesses.One of them is influencing and attracting people's interest to invest money in a particular company through a digital application that is easy and practical to do.
To attract the interest of many people, investment business actors usually promise many benefits that will be obtained by potential investors.They use various methods, such as by flexing or showing off their luxury assets on YouTube or the other social medias.
Unfortunately, not all investment ventures are real businesses.Some of them are fraudulent investment attempts to enrich themselves by deceiving many people.
Among the fake investment businesses that have gone viral in Indonesia were cases of fraud under the guise of trading robot investments by Indra Kenz, Doni Salmanan, PT Simiotik Multilenta Indonesia (SMI) or Net89 and Koperasi Simpan Pinjam (KSP) Indosurya.Their fraudulent investments have claimed many victims with a total wealth of up to trillions of rupiah.Many victims have lost a lot of money.Most of the victims were young generation, which has been consumed by a lot of capitalistic, materialistic and hedonistic lifestyles, was very obsessed with becoming crazy rich at a young age, and a shortcut that could fulfil their expectations was through online investment.Online investment was their choice because it was easy and practical to do.
The goal of Indonesia's young generation to invest via online was to achieve happiness.Happiness is the dream of everyone's life.They, both perpetrators and victims of fraudulent investments, were also obsessed with this goal of happiness.They thought that by becoming crazy rich, they would be able to live a life of unlimited pleasures.It was their perception of happiness, but actually it was not happiness, but bodily pleasure.This pleasure was far from the true meaning of happiness.In this way, they have actually experienced a modern crisis in interpreting the value of the happiness of life.They only see life in one dimension, namely the material-corporeal dimension.They have moved away Studies on fraudulent investment phenomena and their victims are usually linked to economic and legal issues.Studies regarding it in terms of moral-spiritual attitude and behaviour related to the philosophy of happiness are rarely carried out.It is not wrong to link it with economic and legal issues, because it is directly related to investment theories and the laws of investing.If it is looked at more deeply in terms of human life's outlook regarding the material world and moral-spiritual world, then it is indirectly related to the human philosophy of life regarding happiness.The perpetrators of investment fraud and their victims are both victims of a philosophy of a happy life that is biased toward the material-hedonistic dimension, and forgets or even ignores the moral-spiritual dimension.This writing, for this reason, focuses on discussing the phenomena of fake investment and fake crazy rich that occurred at the end of the last quarter of 21th century in Indonesia from the perspective of the philosophy of happiness.
It is interesting to read the crisis of the meaning of happiness from Indonesia's young generation behind the phenomenon of fake crazy rich and fraudulent investment from an analysis of the philosophy of happiness.The writing is the qualitative research in philosophy.It uses the philosophy of happiness from a great Indian Sufi, Hazrat Inayat Khan (next written Inayat Khan), as method of analysis to overcome the crisis of happiness for modern young Indonesia people in the polarization problem between material-worldly happiness and spiritual-religious happiness behind the phenomenon of the early 21 st century fake crazy rich and fraudulent investment in Indonesia.The usage of Inayat Khan's philosophy of happiness in his mysticism is relevant.He distinguished these two types of happiness with the terms pleasure and happiness to find out which happiness is false and which is true.
Studies linking the phenomenon of fraudulent investment and the lure of fake superrich with a happier and more comfortable life expectancy of investors who became victims of it are very rare, especially from a review of philosophy of happiness in the world of sufism.Most of the studies on this case were viewed in terms of economic and legal theories.In economic studies, most studies of this phenomenon were carried out from the perspective of healthy financial behaviour accounting and economic logic in calculating rational profit.In legal studies, most of the studies were related to how to apply criminal law to fraudulent investments and related to protection of the rights of the victims.
Prakosa examined the phenomenon of fraudulent investment from an economic perspective, especially from aspects of financial behaviour.Many investors who engaged in fraudulent investment have demonstrated irrational financial behaviour.The focus of this study was to identify the causes that influence them to be involved in fraudulent investment.(Prakosa, 2019) Pasek, Dewi, and Dharmayasa also conducted similar economic studies on this fraudulent investment case.This study highlighted the perceptions of the millennial generation regarding flexing cases and their consequences for the decision to invest in digital assets from the perspective of accounting theory.(Pasek, Dewi, and Dharmayasa, 2022) Another example that examined this phenomenon is Forbes and Vespoli who investigated consumer buying behaviour that was influenced by the provocations of social media.The focus of this study is on healthy economic behaviour in deciding to invest via online.(Forbes and Vespoli, 2013) Firmansyah, Andri Purnama dan Edwin related his study of fraudulent investment phenomenon which provoked people to become crazy rich with legal studies.The purpose of their study is to find out how legal protection can secure the rights of victims of criminal acts from fraudulent investors in Indonesia.(Firmansyah, Andri purnama, and Edwin, 2022) Endriyana, Barthos, and Fakrullah also conducted a study of this phenomenon from a legal perspective.They concentrated on how to implement criminal law in fraudulent investment case of Indra Kenz who has performed extortion and tax evasion violations in one of the exchanging applications, especially binomo which unlawful in Indonesia (Endriyana, Barthos, and Fakrullah, 2023).
The cases of fraudulent investments and fake crazy rich are actually not only related to economic and legal issues, but also related to human views on the meaning of happiness of life.In the relationship between the two, according to the view of happiness in Sufism, there is a vision of developing human's mental health.(Pradityas, Hanafi, and Zaduqisti 2015, 188-190).The philosophy of human happiness influences the way of life in responding to the phenomenon of fake investments and showing off fake wealth.People's perception that a happy life is determined by material wealth tends to be easier to be deceived by fraudulent investments, because of the fantasy drive of getting rich by shortcut.

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Whereas, people's perception that a happy life is determined by moral and spiritual wealth tends to be more difficult to be deceived by fraudulent investments.
Linking the fake investment phenomenon with the philosophy of happiness that is mostly found in the teachings of sufism, which are more concerned with a moral-spiritual happiness, is a study that can make positive contribution to avoiding many people getting caught in fraudulent investments.This positive contribution is a transformative teaching of sufistic spirituality.It is commonly known as transformative sufism.(Nurhiddin, Naim, and Dinana 2022, 25, also read Irawan, Latif and Nasution 2022, 89).The conception of happiness in the world of sufism is very rich in reminding people not to be easily deceived by the pleasures of materialistic and hedonistic life.This kind of study can spiritually dampen many people so that they are not easily ensnared by fraudulent investments.It is this intention that is the spirit of this article.
The Indonesian young generation's crisis of a truly spiritual meaning of happiness behind the phenomenon of fake crazy rich and fraudulent investments that is analysed from Inayat Khan's philosophy of happiness in his mysticism becomes the main focus of this study.His philosophy of happiness is used in this writing as a theoretical framework to analyse the crisis of happiness that befell modern young Indonesia people.This can be seen from the ease with which they are deceived by fake investments that offer unreasonable promises of material benefits.The loss of a sense of spiritual happiness in order to be satisfied by achieving worldly pleasures without hard work is prominent symptom of the phenomenon of those being consumed by fake investment deceptions.This main symptom is more relevant to read and analyse from Inayat Khan's theory of happiness, because his theory distinguishes between material happiness as false happiness, that he terms pleasure, and spiritual happiness as true happiness, that he terms happiness.

Fake Crazy Rich And Fraudulent Investment in Indonesia
The phenomenon of crazy rich at a young age has been popping up recently in Indonesia.Many youths who were not even 40 years old already have a variety of luxury assets, ranging from lands, houses, cars, apartments, and billions of rupiah in savings.They flaunt their wealth via online medias.Their show of wealth has encouraged many people especially young Indonesians to be like them, and even some of them used ways that were not good to achieve the goal.
We can see this crazy rich phenomenon from showing off the wealth of young Indonesian artists and entrepreneurs in their YouTube channels and social media.Various collections of their luxurious houses, cars, and goods can easily be found on the internet.
Beside the artists and entrepreneurs, there are academics who have enormous wealth.
Among the examples of artists are Raffi Ahmad, Andre Taulany and Baim Wong.They can be called a phenomenal example of crazy rich in Indonesia.An example of a businessman is Joko Suranto, a young entrepreneur who went viral because he built a road in Cicalengka, after successfully building a road in his hometown, Grobogan.An example from academics is Professor Tahir who has a wealth of up to 34 trillion rupiah (Sinambela, Surip, dan Dalimunthe 2022, 9423-9424).
The crazy rich examples above are real crazy rich phenomenon that their wealth are gained by good means and hard work.But besides the real crazy rich, there is a fake crazy rich phenomenon that has gone viral on social media and YouTube, such as two Indonesian youths, Indra Kesuma popularly called Indra Kenz and Doni Muhammad Taufik popularly called Doni Salmanan.Both are viral on social media for showing off wealth assets, such as luxury houses, apartments, luxury cars, large land and branded goods.
It was later found out that showing off their wealth assets was only a mode to ensnare potential victims of fraudulent investments that he deliberately made to gain wealth by deceiving.
The phenomenon of real crazy rich apparently has inspired Indra Kenz, Doni Salmanan and others to pretend to be crazy rich for the purpose of gaining a lot of money through fraudulent investments.However, as it was later known, after the disclosure of fraudulent investment cases, the source of their wealth was deceptively obtained.Not a few Indonesian youths from various backgrounds have been deceived and become victims of their fraudulent investments.
Investment is the placement of a number of assets or funds in a certain period of time to get profits in the future.(Widoatmodjo, Ferlianto, dan Rizal 2007: 1-2) The reason people invest I to get future profits and avoid inflationary pressures for a better future life.(Tendelilin 2010, 5-9).The most common reason people take to invest is the reason for the big profits that will be obtained.The greater the profits offered by a company the more people are tempted to invest their funds.This reason for obtaining large profits is then used by business actors to influence many people to invest with the aim of enriching themselves.This is what triggers the emergence of investment fraud.The fraud can be the company and can be the goods offered as commodities that have the potential to provide large profits.The case of Indra Kenz and Doni Salmanan is an example of this phenomenon.
Indonesia was shocked by fake crazy rich news and fraudulent investments in the early quarter of the 21 st century, which ensnared two rich young people, Indra Kenz and Doni Salmanan, who often show off their wealth assets on social media.The trading robot investments they offered to public got a lot of responses from young Indonesian.They are tempted by many investment benefits that can be obtained in a short time.They are generally interested in investing because of the hope of getting rich in a short time, and imagined being able to live a comfortable and luxurious life materially.What is surprising is that among those who are deceived by the huge profits were celebrities, businessmen, officials and university scholars.This fraudulent investment case adorns print and online news throughout 2022 in Indonesia.In the end, Indra Kenz and Doni Salmanan were reported by their victims for being accused of fraud under the guise of investment.Indra Kenz was caught in the binomo case, while Doni Salmanan was caught in the Quetex case.Indra Kenz in the calculation of losses carried out by the South Jakarta Police Criminal Investigators, had deceived his customers and caused a total loss of 3,8 billion rupiah.The total amount of assets and property of Indra Kenz, from the result of his fraud and crimes, based on investigators' search, was 57,2 billion rupiah.He got it through online gambling under the guise of investment, fake news that incited customers through electronic transactions, and  Simpan Pinjam (KSP) Indosurya.From the results of investigators' calculations based on the confiscation of assets, the losses of victims of trading robot fraud were suspected of reaching trillions of rupiah.The fraudulent investment case that caused the greatest losses to its victims was the Indosurya KSP case.The total loss of the fake Indosurya KSP investment, according to information from the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia, was 106 trillion rupiah involving 23 thousand victims (Ismail 2022).
Based on information from the Directorate General of Aptika, Ministry of Communication and Informastion, there were 3.716 contents of illegal futures brokers, fraudulent investments, illegal forex and binary options that have been blocked by the Ministry.The number of illegal business and investment content whose access was blocked by the ministry was data from 2016 t0 2022.According to the Head of Investment Alert Task Force of Indonesian Financial Services Authority, from 3.716 illegal business and investment content, the most blocking that was carried out occurred in 2019 (Rizkinaswara, 2023).
Investment Alert Task Force of Indonesian Financial Services Authority noted that the total losses arising from fraudulent investment practices in Indonesia in 2017-2022 reach IDR 125.37 trillion.Fraudulent investment losses amounting to IDR 4.4 trillion occurred in 2017.In 2018, there were fraudulent investment losses of IDR 1.4 trillion.
These data indicate that Indonesian young people who were caught in fraud under the guise of illegal investments and businesses show an increasing trend.Fraud through illegal investment traps was their shortcut to enrich themselves on the suffering of their victims.Both the perpetrators of investment fraud and their victims were equally victims of the dream of becoming super rich people in short time.They imagine that with a lot of money, they hoped to have fun to satisfy their worldly and hedonistic desires.By imagining this, they feel like there were happy people.

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Most victims of fraudulent investments were bewitched and tempted by the huge profits promised by affiliates and application owners, and tended not to care too much about the commodity of their business.By gaining the huge profits in a short time, the victims were tempted to be able to multiply their wealth many times over in a short time, and dreamed of becoming a new crazy rich candidate who can imagine being able to guarantee the pleasures of his life materially and physically.
Most of the victims of their fraudulent investments in Indonesia were the Indonesian youth or millennial generation.The Indonesian millennial generation tends to like digital investment, because it is practical and easy to do.It is practical, because there is no need to go to the address where the investment is and no need to go to the bank.It is easy to do, because they can easily access it via a cell phone or laptop connected to the internet.(Pasek, Dewi, dan Dharmayasa 2022, 1413) Consumptive attitudes and behaviours have encouraged them to prefer to a physically comfortable life.(Rahmasari 2022, 57-60) They were easily attracted by and follow a materialistic and hedonistic lifestyle.This phenomenon is very concerning because most of people attracted by fake investment were the young generation of Indonesia.This phenomenon symbolically indicates a moral-spiritual crisis in the lifestyle of modern Indonesians.Getting rich is not a prohibition from the point of view of religious teachings, but the process of achieving it must follow the rational laws and properly-lawfully ways of business.The rational law of acquiring wealth is to work hard and take advantage of good opportunities.The way to make it happen must also be in good and lawful ways, namely not cheating and not justifying any means including making a profit by means of online gambling, The crisis has actually been reminded by an Iranian Muslim philosopher, Seyyed Hossein Nasr.Western modern sciences, which developed rapidly after crippling religion which was seen as hindering scientific discovery by the theological regimes of the medieval church in Europe, for him, was the main cause of the birth of the modern human crisis.This was because modern sciences have abandoned spirituality, metaphysics and religious teachings.Humans have been mired in merely material and corporeal dimensions, and have lost control of religious morality and spirituality.(Nasr 1968, 4-20) He states, as cited by Bagir, that modern human beings have lost their identity because of the deception of hedonism and materialism controlled by modern science.(Bagir 2006, 74-76) Vol. 26 No. 2 Oktober 2023 Some Indonesian people have been inclined towards a materialistic and hedonistic life style that is supported by the online devices, applications and media.Information technology and digital industrialization have indeed made it easier for modern people to realize their desires, needs and material profits.However, this convenience has also triggered a moral and spiritual crisis for some modern Indonesian people, as the crisis of western modern people in the highlight of Nasr.This crisis was marked by their tendency to fulfil material needs and physical pleasures, and their neglect and even their denial of moral, spiritual and religious teachings that promote mental health and inner happiness.
Pretending to be crazy rich by showing off luxury goods on social media channels by Indra Kenz, Doni Salmanan and others with the sole aim of tricking many people into transferring people's money to their bulging investment accounts is an example of the crisis Indonesian's young people are experiencing crisis of the meaning of life and spiritual emptiness.The victims of their fraudulent investments who were driven by material benefits that multiply in a short time without hard work also indicate that they have lost their their control of religious morality and spirituality, because they only imagined material pleasures regardless of how their money was made into a business.

Inayat Khan's Philosophy of Happiness as A Theoretical Framework
There are several spiritual places that we can meet in New Delhi, India.One of them is Nizamuddin, whose majority is Muslim.The name of that place came from the of a great teacher of mysticism, namely, Nizamuddin.He founded the Sufi order (tariqah), namely the Chistiyyah which is known for its musical approach to attaining the highest spiritual bliss.This Sufistic approach is like Jalaluddin Rumi's approach which uses musical instruments to achieve spiritually mystical ecstasy (Munawar-Rahman 1992, 97-98).
Inayat Khan was born in 1882 at Baroda.He was brought up and educated in the family well-known as great musician from generation to generation.When he was twenty years old, he started traveling all over India.He held concert, lecture, spiritual teaching.He spoke the importance to unfreeze the differences among human beings, including to end the conflict between Hinduism and Muslim.When he came in Hederabad, he decided to stay and to learn spiritual journey from his mystical teacher for four years, from 1903 to Pleasure, for him, is an illusion, a shadow of happiness.Those who live in only pursuing the pleasure, they live in the delusion of life.They, in this delusion, keep themselves busy in continuously seeking money, gold, and treasure in order to merely supply and satisfy their materialistic and hedonistic needs.By doing it, they think that they get their happiness, but in fact, what they get is their pleasure.They seek pleasure, not happiness.Unfortunately, they never meet their satisfaction in their endeavour to reach the pleasure.Their body is happy, but their soul is suffering.In Hinduism, as Inayat Khan quoted, there is a wise saying concerning this phenomena, that is, man looks for pleasure, but the sadness he gets.(InayatKhan 2014, 28) Inayat Khan's illustration of the difference of happiness and pleasure can be found in his words, "Every pleasure seems happiness in outward appearance, it promises happiness, for it is the shadow of happiness, but just as the shadow of a person is not the person though representing his form, so pleasure represents happiness but is not happiness in reality.According to this idea one rarely finds souls in this world who know what happiness is; they are constantly disappointed in one thing after another."(Inayat Khan 2014, 1-2) In this worldly life which is not eternal, most of human beings are trapped in the mentality of pleasure.People with this mentality is characterized by their endless unsatisfactory feelings.They often feel unsatisfactory to one thing they got, and then they look for another thing in order to be satisfactory, but again and again they feel disappoint, and so forth.They never be satisfactory with their achievement of worldly material and hedonistic needs.They can never learn how to avoid the same hole, since as if there is no other way to get the happiness.(Inayat Khan 2014, 2-5) This mentality deceives them.
Even though they are disappointing and unsatisfactory thousand times, but they still keep to take the same way.They have been darkened by the worldly material and physical pleasures as if there is no other way outside the way they usually take.
For Inayat Khan, the mentality that should be built by human being is that of happiness, not that of pleasure.The mentality of happiness is the mentality bringing everyone into a condition continuously directs him to focus on a world of deeply true life, i.e., the soul.
The mentality of happiness is characterized by the discovery of self-fullness and of soul absorption.The more one can reveal this kind of self-fullness and soul absorption, the more one can feel spiritually free and enlightening and the more one can be happier.The lost the other dimension of life, namely the spiritual dimension of the soul or spiritual life.
money laundering.(Ismail 2022).Doni Salmanan committed investment fraud through the Quotex application.He personally signed up to this application to become an affiliate.He was named as suspect and immediately languished at the Criminal Investigation Police Detention Centre on March 8, 2022.The assets confiscated were of many kinds, including billions of rupiah in cash, luxury homes, large tracts of land, luxury vehicle and several luxury goods which all add up to 64 billion rupiah (Ismail 2022).
Fake investment cases throughout 2022 were not the only two cases.There are other cases where the nominal loss of customers and assets owned was greater, namely the fraudulent investment of PT Simiotik Multilenta Indonesia (SMI) or Net89 and Koperasi