Living Hadith of the Lazismu Movement and Its Influence on Indonesian Society

Poverty is an essential issue for Muhammadiyah as a socio-religious and social organization in Indonesia. Poverty is caused by ignorance and underdevelopment and has occurred from the past to the present. To solve this problem, Muhammadiyah through Lazismu takes social action based on hadith. Muhammadiyah revives and implements hadith in the form of genuine assistance. This paper aimed to address the problem of poverty through Lazismu based on the hadith of social action. This research used qualitative scientific methods based on field research through observation, interviews, and library research. The results of this study indicated that the social activities carried out by Lazismu are a manifestation of tajdid/renewal and efforts to revive hadiths. The Lazismu assistance program includes direct assistance to the poor, natural disaster relief, educational issues, and the economy. Lazismu has a major influence on the welfare of the Indonesian people, especially the poor and underdeveloped and those affected by disasters. Poor and unemployed people receive productive alms assistance from Lazismu to facilitate their innovation and creativity in creating business opportunities that are able to develop and be sustainable.


INTRODUCTION
The poverty is a problem for many parties.This problem affects the welfare of the Indonesian people.Poverty causes malnutrition, malnutrition, and limited access to education which leads to limited job opportunities.This condition can increase the unemployment rate which must be addressed by policymakers.Legal policies and laws have not been able to resolve the problem due to the lack of compliance with existing laws.
Poverty and social welfare issues are a shared responsibility, not just the government.
Several Islamic organizations always make various breakthroughs to assist the government in solving this problem.Organizations such as Muhammadiyah set up a special institution called Lazismu.Lazismu is a special institution that accommodates assistance from various donors to be distributed to underprivileged communities.Lazismu was founded by Muhammadiyah as a response to the problem of poverty.Lazismu was established to assist the government in solving economic, social, and humanitarian problems.The central figure who founded the organization had carried out individual social actions before the organization was formed (Nashir, 2015).
Founder of Muhammadiyah, KH.Ahmad Dahlan has been trying to solve the problem of poverty since the Dutch Colonial period through charitable/philanthropic actions in 1919 during the eruption of Mount Kelud in Kediri, Blitar, East Java (Latief, 2017).Ahmad Dahlan together with his students and the surrounding community raised funds by distributing charity stamps to the surrounding community and participants in the Muhammadiyah Congress (Moehammadijah, 1941).This movement was the first step and continues to be implemented today to help underprivileged communities and improve their welfare.
Lazismu sparked the spirit of Muhammadiyah members to follow in the footsteps of its founder.This is an effective strategy for solving the problems of the Indonesian nation.This social activity can continue to be carried out by the support of donors, both individuals and Muhammadiyah philanthropic institutions.This activity is closely related to religious guidelines as the basis for Muhammadiyah philanthropy (Rohmansyah et al., 2019).This research targets activities carried out by an institution that has been established and developed within the Muhammadiyah organization engaged in the religious and social fields.
The problems raised were "How does Lazismu carry out philanthropic movements?","Why does Lazismu carry out philanthropic actions?", and "What is the influence of philanthropic activities to the country?".Therefore, this research aimed at questions related to poverty and welfare.Lazismu philanthropy is based on religious teachings contained in the hadith.This research covers Lazismu's work which is based on religion and its influence on national issues.
Lazismu attracted the attention of many researchers.Previous research has examined different aspects of Lazismu.Nur Kholidah and Ayesha Nur Salma's research "Creative Philanthropy: Empowering People's Economy Based on Productive Alms in the 1000 MSMEs Lazismu Program in Pekalongan Regency" showed that around 1000 MSMEs were able to help other MSMEs through productive alms supported by Aisyiyah, even though they were still constrained by SOPs and shortages in reporting (Kholidah & Salma, 2020).Furthermore, research conducted by Zakiyuddin Baidhawy "Lazismu and Remaking the Muhammadiyah's New Way of Philanthropy" showed the support Lazismu gave to entrepreneurship, women empowerment, and mosque-based community empowerment (Baidhawy, 2015).Lazismu has been doing various things to create a just, prosperous, and great nation.
Zulkarnain and Farhani in "From Mustahik to Muzakki: A Study on the Utilization of Alms Funds for the Creation and Development of Productives Small Businesses in Lazismu Solo" found the role of Lazismu Solo which succeeded in turning Mustahiq into Muzakki which leads to independence (Zulkarnain & Farkhani, 2021).Lazismu strives to improve the welfare of the poor through the various assistance programs they provide.Lazismu aims to empower the poor to become rich and muzakki.I Wayan Sujana and Nining Asniar Ridzal in "Implementation Utilization of Alms Funds Inhabitant Muhammadiyah Baubau City during the Covid-19 Period Following Guidelines for Amil Alms Infaq Alms Muhammadiyah (Lazismu)" shows that Lazismu Baubau has not been able to manage and distribute alms during the Covid-19 pandemic 19 according to the central Lazismu instructions so that a more strategic approach and policy is needed (Sujana & Ridzal, 2021).Fauzan et al in "The Role of Lazismu East Java in Forming an Independent Society in Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic" showed that Lazismu East Java seeks to provide productive alms to the poor through training and empowering businesses such as making pastries, frozen food, and cloth masks (Karback et al. ., 2020).

Mursal et al in "
The contribution of Amil Alms, Infaq and Sadaqah Muhammadiyah (LAZISMU) institutions in handling the impact of Covid-19" showed Lazismu's contribution in overcoming the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic through the provision of scholarships, necessities, and masks (Mursal et al ., 2021).The research conducted in Payakumbu showed the role of Lazismu in assisting underprivileged and high-achieving communities.Furthermore, Yasir Aziz et al in "The nexus between alms and poverty reduction, is the effective utilization of alms necessary for achieving SDGs: A multidimensional poverty index approach" showed SDGs efforts to empower people and alleviate poverty in Pakistan through alms funds (Aziz et al. ., 2020).The The theoretical framework used in this research is the theory of living hadith and social theory.The theory of living hadith stated that the hadiths practiced by the community are divided into three traditions.First, the written tradition includes the hadiths of the Prophet which are usually found in mosques, prayer rooms, and other things that are considered as the basis for Muslims to do something.Second, the oral tradition includes people's habits in conveying the Prophet's hadith orally.Third, practice tradition is the habit of doing something that is done by religious leaders which are then followed by the community (Suryadilaga, 2007).
Socio-religious practices carried out by the community are based on informative and performative aspects.The informative aspect is the understanding of the hadith which is conveyed to the public to be used as a guide.Performative aspects are symbols or religious practices carried out by community leaders based on the hadith of the Prophet (Gill, 1993).Socio-religious practices Lazismu who are involved and contribute to the progress of the institution.Third, the document search method.This method is used to find out the history of Lazismu from its founding until now which can be separated from social phenomena that occurred in the past.This is done by researching primary and secondary documents such as books, Suara Muhammadiyah magazine, and relevant journals.
Second, the data that has been collected is then arranged, categorized, and adapted to this research so that it is easy to understand.Some of the following things are done to get trusted sources. 1) Explain the historical aspect of Lazismu.2) Explain the Lazismu movement in Indonesia to get the reasons and basis for their religion.3) Interpreting the study of living hadith using the approach of the hadith syarah book regarding the alms.Third, using a socio-historical approach to find out past social conditions that were influenced by past socio-economic, education, and culture, then connected to the present.

The Theological Foundation of Living Hadith Lazismu Movement
The basis of Muhammadiyah's charitable activities is the hadiths about the alms.
Lazismu's activities refer to the Qur'an and hadith.The hadith about the alms inspired Muhammadiyah to respond to the socio-economic conditions of this nation.
Muhammadiyah and Lazismu consider that the nation must be strong and advanced.
Lazismu activities are based on the following hadiths: "Ibn Abbās RA stated that the Prophet sent Muāż to Yemen and said, invite them to testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.So if they obey, tell them, Allah made it obligatory to pray and to give alms to those in need."(HR.
Table 1: Hadith narrators about Alms Furthermore, the above hadith is corroborated by al-Bukhāri's narration about the five pillars of Islam.These pillars determine the perfection of Islam.

Internalization of Lazismu Hadiths
The hadiths mentioned above did not appear suddenly but as a response to social phenomena that occurred in the past, such as ignorance, poverty, and backwardness.
Muhammadiyah responds to these problems through concrete actions based on the hadith of the prophet.Peter Berger and Thomas Lukmann stated that social contractions in society affect patterns of thought that give birth to attitudes and behavior.Muhammadiyah through Lazismu assists people in need.
Lazismu is a response and concern for the poor.Before the presence of Lazismu, donors channeled their assistance personally.Lazismu is part of the appreciation and application of hadiths about loving the poor, orphans, and aid.This was done as a form of Muhammadiyah's compassionate ethics (Mulkhan, 2017).Muhammadiyah distributes Moehammadiyah Amal Franco for sale (Moehammadijah, 1941).Hadiths that underlie philanthropy are conveyed by Muhammadiyah figures through lectures, recitations, and others.Ahmad Dahlan did it and was followed by his followers.This practice is called performative.
According to Muhammadiyah figures, Ahmad Dahlan studied the Qur'an and the hadith of the Prophet which were conveyed to his students including the surrounding community (Interview Asmuni, 2019).He advised Muhammadiyah members to care for the poor and orphans around Kauman, Yogyakarta (Darban, 2011).Lazismu is a construction of Ahmad Dahlan's religious thought as the founder of Muhammadiyah.
Explicitly, the Lazismu movement that cares for others is a living tradition of hadith that has been passed down from generation to generation until now.In addition, Muhammadiyah stated, "Islam obliges everyone to organize their property rights for the benefit of individuals, religion, and society."(P.Muhammadiyah, n.d.) same thing was mentioned by Muhammad Alfi Syahrin and Isma Swadjaja in "The Potential of Alms, Infaq and Sadaqah Management in Building Community Economic Empowerment and A literature review was conducted to find out how far previous research has examined Lazismu.It showed that previous research had not comprehensively explained Lazismu as a whole, because it did not explain the theological basis of the Prophet's hadith as a guide.Lazismu's research only talks about what his activities and contributions are to society without explaining the basis of his hadith.This allows researchers to study Lazismu more comprehensively along with the argumentative basis for Lazismu's activities.
Al-Bukhari and Muslim( )Al-Bukhāri, 2002( & )Al-Ḥusain, 1998)    The hadith explains the alms contained in the Tarjih fatwa: Questions and Answers on Muhammadiyah Religion volume two (T.M. T. and T. P. P.Muhammadiyah, 2003b).This hadith is used as a basis for Muhammadiyah in carrying out social actions through Lazismu.Explicitly, the Prophet ordered Muslims (including Muhammadiyah members) to give charity to the poor, orphans, and those in need.In this case, Muhammadiyah understands that the command to help in the hadith must be carried out optimally.Apart from al-Bukhari and Muslim, the hadith was also narrated by:

Table 2 :
Hadith narrators about Zakat al-FitrIn addition to the hadith above, Muhammadiyah is guided by the hadith regarding caring for people who need help.Assistance is not only in the form of money but energy and thoughts for the progress of Muslims.The hadith that inspires are: of livestock, alms of capital and profit, zakat al-Fitr, alms of the profession, and waqf (T.