Journal title MUWAZAH: Jurnal Kajian Gender Initials Muwazah Frequency Two issues per year (May & November) DOI Prefix 10.28918 by Online ISSN 2502-5368 Print ISSN 2085-8353 Editor-in-chief Inayah Rohmaniyah Publisher Center for Gender and Child Studies (Pusat Studi Gender dan Anak) LP2M, UIN KH. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan Citation Analysis DOAJ|Sinta | Garuda | Dimensions MUWAZAH : Jurnal Kajian Gender focuses on topics related to gender and child issues. We invite manuscripts on gender and child topics in any perspectives, such as religion, economics, culture, history, education, law, art, communication, politics, and theology, etc. We look forward to having contributions from scholars and researchers of various disciplines. The journal is issued two times a year periodically in May and November. Muwazah provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Jurnal Muwazah has become a CrossRef Member since the year 2017. Muwazah has been accredited grade 2 (Sinta 2) in 2019 (SK NOMOR 85/M/KPT/2020) especially since volume 11 Number 2 of 2019, and based on the Decree of the Director General of Research and Development of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10/C/C3/DT.05.00/2025 Starting Vol. 15 No.2 of 2023, the Muwazah journal is at the SINTA 4 accreditation level.
Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan
Gender Gap in the Economic Sector in Siding District, Bengkayang Regency
Gender inequality in women's economic activities remains a critical issue in rural and border regions, shaped by both household dynamics and structural conditions. This study aims to analyze gender disparities in the economic sector by comparing the experiences of women in Upper Siding (Sungkung 1, Sungkung 2, and Sungkung 3) and Lower Siding (Hli Buei, Tamong, and Siding) villages in Siding District, Bengkayang Regency, Indonesia. A comparative qualitative approach employing the Harvard Analytical Framework was used, involving 150 female respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, questionnaires, and a review of relevant literature. The findings reveal that women in both regions perform dual roles; however, women in Upper Siding experience a significantly heavier workload due to geographical constraints, limited infrastructure, and restricted mobility. Access to business capital among women in Upper Siding ranges from only 15% to 23%, considerably lower than that of women in Lower Siding, which ranges from 52% to 77%. Furthermore, women in Lower Siding demonstrate greater participation in household economic decision-making. These findings suggest that gender inequality is influenced not only by intra-household relations but also by structural factors, including geography, accessibility, infrastructure, and local social norms. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on gender and rural economies, particularly in remote, border, and underdeveloped regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muwazah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Construction of Gender Subordination in Arabic Language Textbooks: A Roland Barthes Semiotic Study
This study examines the phenomenon of gender bias embedded within the technical structure of Arabic textbooks, a pedagogical tool often perceived as a neutral medium for knowledge transfer. Specifically, it aims to uncover gender subordination within Muhammad Yusron’s Qawāid al-Lughah al-Arabiyyah through the lens of Roland Barthes’ semiotics. Employing a qualitative-descriptive method, the analysis scrutinizes three primary instructional components: reading materials (al-qirā’atu), grammatical rules (al-qawāidu), and exercises (al-tadrībātu), to deconstruct the two-stage signification system of denotation and connotation. The findings reveal that gender subordination is systematically manifested through the dominance of male subjects as the primary centers of intellectual, social, and religious authority. Semiotically, the marginalization of female representation and the use of collective diction, such as substituting zaujah (wife) with usrah (family), serve as potent indicators of "masculine normativity." Through repetitive grammatical signs and an exercise ratio of 5:1 favoring males, the textbook effectively reinforces the myth of men as the central subjects of Arabic linguistics, while relegating women to marginal roles. This study concludes that seemingly objective grammatical rules function as a vehicle for internalizing patriarchal ideology. These implications necessitate a deconstruction and reconstruction of the Arabic curriculum to foster a more inclusive, gender-responsive framework that ensures equitable representation without symbolic discrimination.
Gender Harmony and Household Integrity in Migrant Worker Families in Ponorogo: A Sociological Analysis
This research analyzes the dynamics of gender harmony and household integrity in migrant worker families in Ponorogo through a qualitative case study approach. The feminization of international migration creates complex gender role restructuring that involves negotiation between Javanese cultural values, Islamic religiosity norms, and the practical demands of transnational life. The findings reveal heterogeneity in family adaptive responses, where the redistribution of domestic roles ranges from progressive transformation to the perpetuation of patriarchy, influenced by individual gender literacy, social stigma, and the quality of digital communication. Although women*'s** economic contributions increase their bargaining power, conservative gender ideology perpetuates the double burden and relational inequality. Family resilience is determined by the convergence of extended family support, remittance management strategies, legal literacy, and religiosity as a coping mechanism. The research identifies gaps in legal protection, risks of family disintegration due to boundary ambiguity, and the transformation of younger generation aspirations. The theoretical implications enrich the transnational family sociology discourse with local cultural perspectives, while practical recommendations include developing a holistic protection framework that integrates gender-sensitive pre-departure counseling, the strengthening of community networks, and sustainable empowerment programs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muwazah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cross-Sector Collaboration In Improving Adolescent Reproductive Health In Garut Regency
Garut Regency faces serious problems related to the high rate of sexual violence against adolescents which indicates the need for comprehensive reproductive health treatment. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of cross-sector collaboration in improving adolescent reproductive health through the synergy of the Garut Branch of the Indonesian Women's Coalition with the Garut Regency Family Planning Population Control Office. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a triangulation method which is assisted in analyzing using Nvivo software. This research identifies five dimensions of collaboration, namely cooperation, flexibility, responsibility, compromise, and communication. The results of the study show that collaboration is effective through the implementation of educational programs in the form of socialization, victim assistance, and sexual violence prevention campaigns. However, there are still obstacles such as social stigma in society, limited resources, and less interactive methods of delivering material. This study recommends the need for a more adolescent-friendly approach with the strengthening of interactive discussions and continuous evaluation to maximize the long-term impact on improving adolescent health in Garut Regency.
Harmonization of the Implementation of Restorative Justice in Indonesia in a Gender Perspective: A Normative Empirical Assessment of Legal Consistency and Effectiveness
This study analyzes the harmonization of the implementation of restorative justice in Indonesia through a comparative normative empirical approach involving five countries, namely New Zealand, Australia, Canada, South Africa, and Indonesia. The type of research used is normative-empirical legal research with legislative, conceptual, comparative law, and sociological legal approaches. Normative analysis of restorative justice regulations is combined with empirical data to assess legal consistency, institutional capacity, and integration of socio-cultural values in practice. Data collection was carried out through document studies of laws and regulations, institutional policies, and scientific literature, as well as in-depth interviews with law enforcement officials, restorative justice facilitators, and community leaders. The validity of the data is maintained through triangulation of sources and methods. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively using content analysis, comparative analysis between countries, and the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results show that New Zealand has the highest level of effectiveness through a comprehensively integrated legislative framework, while Indonesia still faces sectoral regulatory fragmentation with limited implementation beyond children's cases. Comparisons show Indonesia scores lowest in system integration and institutional support, despite having strong potential in community-based mediation practices and customary values. The main challenges include weak legal harmonization and limitations in monitoring and evaluation systems. This study contributes to the development of a contextual and sustainable model of restorative justice implementation in a pluralistic legal system.
Fulfillment of Educational Rights for Indonesian Migrant Workers’ Children in Jeddah: Challenges and Solutions (Case Studi at Sekolah Indonesia Jeddah, Arab Saudi)
This study aims to analyze the fulfillment of the educational rights of children of Indonesian migrant workers (PMI) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, focusing on the challenges faced and the efforts made to ensure their access to education. The research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach at Sekolah Indonesia Jeddah (SIJ). Data was obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using an interactive analysis model that included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that SIJ plays an important role in fulfilling the educational rights of migrant workers through matriculation programs, affordable education services, psychosocial support, and cooperation between the governments of Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. However, the fulfillment of the right to education still faces various obstacles, such as unofficial immigration status, administrative difficulties, social and cultural discrimination, language and cultural adaptation challenges, and limitations in inclusive education services. To overcome these obstacles, SIJ and the Indonesian government have developed various strategies, including the provision of affordable education programs, educational assistance, guidance and counseling services, and strengthening cross-border cooperation. This research shows that the fulfillment of the educational rights of migrant children not only requires access to educational institutions, but also policy support, administrative protection, an inclusive learning environment, and collaboration of various parties to ensure the sustainability of migrant children's education.
Gender Inequality in Khulʿ and Judicial Divorce: Feminist Islamic Family Law in Indonesia
This article examines gender inequality in women-initiated divorce under Indonesian Islamic family law, focusing on khulʿ and judicial divorce (cerai gugat). The study aims to clarify how legal doctrine, court procedure, compensation rules, evidentiary burdens, social stigma, and post-divorce enforcement shape women’s access to marital dissolution within contemporary Indonesian courts and communities. Previous studies have discussed divorce procedures, patriarchal norms, and women’s vulnerability after divorce, but few have integrated classical fiqh, Indonesian legal doctrine, Islamic feminist theory, and local dispute-resolution practices into one coherent analytical framework. Using normative-philosophical library research and feminist legal analysis, the study analyzes Qur’anic divorce principles, classical fiqh texts, Indonesian family-law instruments, and contemporary scholarly literature. The findings show that inequality appears through five interrelated indicators: access to legal mechanisms, autonomy in decision-making, proportionality of procedural and financial burdens, protection from harm, and enforceability of post-divorce rights. The article argues that a gender-just reading should distinguish divine ethical principles from historically situated fiqh formulations, interpret khulʿ compensation through maʿrūf and iḥsān, and strengthen women’s legal agency through gender-sensitive adjudication, legal literacy, and community support. Its contribution is a feminist-Islamic evaluative model for legal interpretation, judicial practice, policy intervention, and future empirical research in Indonesian Islamic family law.
Family Resilience and Social Transformation in West Nusa Tenggara: Exploring Adaptive Capacities in Changing Communities
Family resilience is a fundamental element in maintaining social stability, improving community welfare, and supporting sustainable development. In the context of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), family resilience has unique characteristics shaped by the interaction of religious values, local culture, and socio-economic conditions. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of family resilience in NTB, identify the challenges faced by families, and formulate strategies for strengthening family resilience based on local contexts. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review and secondary data analysis from the National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) and Statistics Indonesia (BPS). The findings indicate that families in NTB possess strong social and spiritual capital reflected in religious commitment, family values, and community solidarity. However, family resilience remains challenged by economic vulnerability, educational disparities, and limited access to reproductive health information. Therefore, strengthening family resilience in NTB requires an integrated strategy through family economic empowerment, improvement of educational and digital literacy, and revitalization of religious values and local cultural practices that support family functions. This study contributes to understanding family resilience from a regional perspective by emphasizing the importance of socio-cultural and structural factors in building strong and adaptive families.
Student Fundraising Practices as a Site of Exploitation: A Marxist Feminist Analysis of Gendered Labor in Campus Organizations
This study describes forms of student exploitation in campus fundraising activities through a Marxist feminist perspective. In practice, fundraising is often viewed as a learning activity and a means of developing students' interpersonal skills. However, the findings of this study indicate that behind this narrative lies a power relationship that places students, especially women, in exploitative positions of reproductive and emotional labor. This study used qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of three informants directly involved in fundraising activities. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, organizational observations, documentation studies, and literature reviews, then describes using thematic analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate four forms of exploitation: (1) a greater reproductive and emotional workload on female students; (2) a gender-based division of labor that places women in tasks related to body representation and public interactions; (3) structural pressures through hierarchies and organizational cultures that normalize uncompensated work; and (4) the commodification of women's bodies as a strategy for obtaining funds. This study concludes that the exploitation that occurs is the result of the intersection of campus capitalism and patriarchy that operate through organizational structures. These findings emphasize the importance of critiquing fundraising practices to make them more fair, transparent, and sensitive to gender issues.
The Body Objectification and Social Capital Among Unesa Female Students: An Ecofeminist-Pierre Bourdieu Analysis
This study examines the phenomenon of physical objectification and the use of beauty as a social asset among female students at Surabaya State University (Unesa) from an ecofeminist perspective and that of Pierre Bourdieu. On campus, women’s appearance often becomes the center of social attention, whether through comments on physical appearance, visual criteria set by organizations, or body representations on social media platforms. Given these conditions, this study aims to explain how beauty norms on campus are formed, how female students internalize these norms, and how beauty functions as a social asset in student relationships. This study employs a qualitative method, conducting in-depth interviews and participant observation with female students engaged in academic and organizational activities. Data were analyzed using ecofeminism theory to understand the domination and control over women’s bodies, as well as Bourdieu’s concepts of social capital, cultural capital, and habitus to explain how beauty operates as a strategic asset in social relations. Findings indicate that the objectification of the body manifests in visual judgments, beauty standards, and selection based on appearance. Beauty functions as cultural capital embodied in the body, which is converted into social capital within campus dynamics and provides broader opportunities to access social networks. These results emphasize that women’s bodies on campus are not merely private spaces but also a field of negotiation between individual freedom and campus aesthetic pressures. This study recommends that future research investigate the relationship between gender, campus media, and the construction of beauty in a digital context.
Boarding House Ownership as a Strategy for Women's Economic Liberation from a Radical Feminist Perspective
This study examines boarding house (kos-kosan) ownership as a strategy for women's economic liberation from patriarchal structures in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia, analysed through a radical feminist lens. While substantial scholarship addresses women's economic empowerment in Indonesia, no study has specifically theorised boarding house ownership as a site of patriarchal resistance. Using qualitative case study methodology with in-depth semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis, three women boarding house owners were studied in October 2025. Data were analysed thematically following Braun and Clarke's (2006) framework, with methodological triangulation and member checking ensuring rigour. Findings reveal that women's motivations transcend financial calculation to encompass aspirations for economic autonomy, identity reconstruction, and psychological liberation. Women navigated structural barriers including gender-biased banking systems, patrilineal inheritance complexities, and discriminatory licensing bureaucracy, alongside cultural barriers rooted in domestic role expectations and social stigma. The multidimensional impact of ownership encompasses stable passive income, transformed social identity from relational to individual, enhanced psychological agency, and renegotiated gender power relations within families. Theoretically, this study contrMrs.tes to radical feminist discourse by demonstrating how productive property ownership functions as embodied resistance against patriarchal dependency structures in a Global South context, extending Walby's (1990) and Kabeer's (1999) frameworks beyond Western settings. Practically, findings inform policy directions in gender-responsive financing, property licensing reform, and women's financial literacy programmes.
Gender Dysphoria and Sexual Orientation in The Islamic Perspective: A Conceptual Review of Identity, Fitrah, and Therapeutic Implications
Gender dysphoria, as a condition of discomfort resulting from a mismatch between gender identity and biological sex, is analyzed as a complex biopsychosocial problem. Gender identity disorder is a psychological condition that is distinct from sexual orientation, but there is also a relationship. Although society generally interprets this disorder as only being experienced by transgender people, the fact is that people who are not transgender can also suffer from this disorder. This study uses a qualitative-analytical method through literature review and thematic analysis of the collected textual data. The result is a prohibition against physical changes made by individuals with gender dysphoria or otherwise, based on efforts to preserve the authenticity of creation (fitrah) and prevent harm. Exceptions are only made for intersex conditions that require biological clarification. As an alternative, the recommended treatment is through a psychological-spiritual approach. Given that gender dysphoria is closely related to psychological disorders resulting from such discomfort, psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy, individual, family, and group therapy is considered more in line with human nature. This approach aims to help individuals manage dysphoria, strengthen self-acceptance, and align their psychological condition with the nature of creation, rather than making physical changes that are prohibited.
Domination of Gender Relations in Qiraah Mubadalah
This paper examines the dominance of gender relations in the theory of Qira’ah Mubadalah, introduced by Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir as a hermeneutical method for interpreting religious texts based on the principle of reciprocity. In essence, Qira’ah Mubadalah is a universal approach, derived from Qur’anic verses that emphasize justice, equality, and partnership in social relations. However, in its practical application, the theory has been primarily focused on gender issues, particularly the relationship between men and women in both domestic and public spheres. This orientation is inseparable from the patriarchal culture and gendered nature of the Arabic language, as well as from Faqihuddin’s feminist perspective as its initiator. Employing a literature study, this research explores the ideas, principles, and application of Qira’ah Mubadalah and situates it within the framework of contemporary Qur’anic hermeneutics and feminist exegesis. The study finds that while Qira’ah Mubadalah significantly contributes to promoting more gender-just interpretations, its dominance in gender-related discourse makes it appear partial. Therefore, Qira’ah Mubadalah should be extended to a broader range of social relations in order to fully embody the Qur’an’s universal spirit.
Fashion and the Politics of the Body: Resistance among Young Feminist Activists in Yogyakarta
This study will examine fashion as a form of resistance for women to actualize bodily autonomy. Women's lives within a patriarchal system shape the formation of a controlled discourse on women's fashion. This study interprets this control over women's fashion as a process of domesticating the body (docile bodies). Sandra Lee emphasizes that women's bodies are subject to discriminatory control. However, counter-discourse can change hegemonic discourse through the circulation of what Foucault calls "subjugated knowledge.” Therefore, this study aims to examine fashion as a site of counter-discourse about what fashion means to young female feminist activists who refuse to contribute to the production of the discourse of "domesticated bodies." This study observes young female feminist activists in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. It is qualitative research. Data collection techniques include three methods: observation, interviews, and literature review. This study utilized interviews with several young female feminist activists in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The selection of informants used purposive sampling techniques, with a background as a student (either state or private in DIY) and involvement in the feminist activism movement. The results of the study show the following counter-discourse: first, a new awareness that the body is a space for contestation of resistance; second, the informants show new fashion expressions, which are autonomous choices for their bodies; and third, using fashion as a means to spread their freedom and spread feminist issues.
The Myth of Bidadari and the Betrayal of Women: Reading Gender in Islamic Sermons through Barthes’ Semiotics
This study critically examines the symbolic construction of bidadari (heavenly maidens) as eschatological rewards for men, with particular reference to an Islamic sermon delivered by Habib Nabil on the YouTube program Islam Itu Indah, in the episode titled “Laki-Laki Mendapatkan Bidadari, Kalau Perempuan Dapat Apa?”. The sermon presents a gendered vision of paradise that reflects patriarchal interpretations by depicting women as passive rewards associated with male virtue. Such perspectives draw upon essentialist claims of men’s “natural inclination” toward women and have been widely circulated through religious media. Employing Roland Barthes’ semiotic theory alongside postmodern feminist analysis, this research uses qualitative content analysis to unpack the verbal and symbolic messages embedded in the sermon. The findings suggest that the image of bidadari does not derive directly from the Qur’anic text, but has instead been shaped through cultural, historical, and clerical interpretations into a patriarchal myth. This myth can obscure Islam’s egalitarian principles and reinforce gendered norms that position women in subordinate roles both theologically and socially. By deconstructing the bidadari narrative as a second-order myth, the study demonstrates how religious symbols may function hegemonically while concealing their socio-historical origins. It calls for a re-reading of Islamic eschatology that foregrounds ‘adl (justice) and karamah (dignity) as central ethical values, affirming the equal spiritual agency of both men and women in the afterlife. Ultimately, this research contributes to ongoing efforts in developing gender-sensitive approaches within Islamic hermeneutics.
The Hijab as The Identity of Muslim Women: An Analysis of Sayyid Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki’s Thought in Ādāb al-Islām fī Niẓām al-Usrah
The hijab carries multiple meanings, representing spirituality, societal expectations, and political identity. However, Sayyid Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki regards the hijab as a normative obligation that reflects moral and spiritual values, capable of shaping a women-friendly social order. This study aims to present a new perspective on the obligation of hijab by examining the interpretation of Sayyid Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki, with particular attention to the construction of his arguments grounded in Islamic moral and spiritual values. This study adopts a qualitative approach utilizing a library-based research method, in which data are systematically analyzed through content analysis. The primary source of data is Al-Maliki’s work titled Adabul Islam fi Nizamil Usrah, while secondary sources include books, works of classical and contemporary scholars, and journal articles related to the research theme. Findings indicate that al-Maliki understands hijab not merely as a religious obligation, but as part of a social transformation process that strengthens the status and dignity of women within Islamic society. The hijab serves not to isolate women, but to foster environments in which their contributions may flourish without the encumbrance of sexual objectification or social marginalization. His ideas serve as a critical response to Western views that problematize the hijab, by promoting a historical-theological approach rooted in authentic hadiths. This study offers a fresh perspective by examining the hijab discourse through spiritual and social dimensions, as interpreted in Al-Maliki’s thought.
An Overview of Arab Women's Experiences in the Novel Ismi Salma Fadia Faqir's Work: A Gynocritical Study
Fadia Faqir's novel Ismi Salma presents a complex narrative about the experience of Arab women who live in exile and identity disconnection in the midst of cultural clashes between Hart and West. Through the character of Salma, Faqir depicts women's struggles in dealing with trauma, patriarchy, and weistence in a foreign land that does not fully accept ber existence. Although this novel har been widely studied from the perspective of diaspora, identity, and trauma, Blaine Showalter's gynocritical approach has never been applied to analyze it. This study was conducted to examine the representation of Arab women's experiences in Ismi Salma's novel and explore the influence of Fadia Fagir's background as a female writer in the construction of female characters and narratives in it. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis with a gynocritical approach that includes four main models: biology, language, psychology, and female culture. The results show that Fadia Faqir consciously write from a female perspective, rairing bodily experiences, prychological trauma, social alienation, and resistance to patriarchal culture. The character of Salma comet ar a female witness who represents the voice of Arab diasporic women who are marginalized but still trying to redefine bome, identity, and freedom. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of the gynocritical approach in revealing women's narratives from the perspective of women themselves, as well as enriching the study of feminizm in Arab diasporic literary works.
Implementation of UNSCR 1325 Women, Peace, and Security in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Through the National Action Plan 2019-2022
The purpose of this paper is to eradicate sexual violence committed by members of the Congolese Police and to address sexual violence in the DRC, particularly by fighting impunity and providing protection for victims and witnesses. This paper analyzes the implementation of UNSCR 1325 in the DRC through the lens of the WPS framework. A qualitative research method is employed, using literature study as the primary data collection technique. The result is that implementation of the NAP is structured around four WPS pillars including participation, prevention, protection, relief and recovery. In the participation pillar, efforts include appointing women to legislative institutions and revising electoral laws. The prevention pillar focuses on disarmament, demobilization, and recovery programs. The protection pillar emphasizes safeguarding the rights of women with disabilities, indigenous women, and survivors of sexual violence. The relief and recovery pillar centers on gender mainstreaming in peace processes. The suggestion is to improve the effectiveness of the NAP implementation in Congo, the government needs to allocate an adequate national budget to avoid dependence on external donors. Oversight of policy implementation must be strengthened, particularly in legal protection and the prevention of gender-based violence. Furthermore, it is crucial to eradicate patriarchal culture through gender equality education and expand psychosocial recovery services in conflict-affected areas.
Implementation Of Gender Equality In The Leadership Of The Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia Organization
This study aims to look at the implementation of gender equality in PMII Komisariat Al-Ghozali Semarang by using four main indicators: access, participation, control, and benefits. In addition, this study also explores the supporting and inhibiting factors that influence the realization of gender-equitable leadership. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The informants consisted of the chairperson, secretary, head of the internal division, and two general members. The findings show that women administrators have gained relatively equal access and opportunities to participate. However, they are still underrepresented in aspects of control and strategic decision-making, which are still largely dominated by male colleagues. Supporting factors include early exposure to gender awareness through formal regeneration programs such as the New Member Admission Period and the Gender Islamic School. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors mainly consist of low self-confidence among female cadres and male dominance in key organizational roles. This research offers a new perspective by discussing gender equality in the context of faith-based student organizations-an area that remains largely unexplored. The findings of this study contribute to efforts to shape internal organizational policies that are more inclusive, participatory, and responsive to gender justice.
Analysis of Legal Culture and the Existence of Women in Village Head Election Contests in Sumenep Regency
This study aims to analyze the legal culture and the existence of women in grassroots democratic contestations in Sumenep Regency. Legal culture refers to the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of the community toward prevailing laws, which are often influenced by social, cultural, and historical factors. The existence of women in grassroots democratic contestations is crucial, as women play a vital role in social and political development at the local level. This research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document studies. The findings reveal that, despite growing awareness of the importance of women's participation in grassroots democracy, structural and cultural barriers still constrain their roles. Key obstacles include a strong patriarchal culture, limited access to education and information, and a lack of support from the social environment. Nonetheless, there are local initiatives striving to strengthen women's roles through various empowerment and legal education programs. Efforts to enhance women's participation in grassroots democracy in Sumenep Regency must adopt a holistic and sustainable approach, focusing not only on legal aspects but also on social and cultural transformation. Based on the research findings, it is recommended that local governments strengthen affirmative policies supporting women's involvement, expand access to political and legal education, and promote cross-sectoral collaboration in creating inclusive and gender-responsive participatory spaces. The active role of civil society organizations is also crucial in fostering legal culture change and enhancing women's leadership capacity at the local level.
Women's Rights in Choosing a Partner in Marriage Gender Justice Perspective in Grobogan Regency
The choice of a partner in marriage is a fundamental right of women that is often hampered by dominant social and cultural norms, especially in rural areas such as Grobogan Regency, Central Java. Despite increasing awareness of gender justice, women in the area still face various obstacles in expressing their right to choose a life partner. This study aims to explore how women's rights in choosing a partner in marriage are viewed from the perspective of gender justice and its impact on women's empowerment in Grobogan Regency. The method used is qualitative research with a legal social approach through case studies. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with five women; Rabiah, Suliyem, Hartini,Kasmiyati, and Surati in Grobogan and participatory observations. The results show that despite the increased understanding of the right to choose a partner, many women are still affected by social and family pressures in making these decisions. Gender justice in the selection of spouses has been proven to have a positive impact on women's empowerment, both in social, economic, and psychological aspects, by increasing their autonomy and well-being. The implications of this study are the importance of education, advocacy, and local policies that better support women's rights to choose a partner, as well as women's social and economic empowerment at the local level. This research contributes to the understanding of the importance of gender justice in marriage practice, as well as the need for more proactive policy changes in supporting gender equality in society.
Juridical Analysis of the Criminal Act of Sexual Violence of Children from the Perspective of Criminal Law in Indonesia
This study focuses on analyzing the enforcement of criminal law in cases of sexual intercourse with children in Indonesia, with particular attention to the balance between legal certainty and victim-oriented justice. The research aims to examine the extent to which criminal justice practices have accommodated the interests of child victims, to identify the limitations of a retributive approach, and to propose an alternative conceptual framework based on the theory of Dignified Justice.This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and theoretical approaches, complemented by secondary empirical analysis of Decision of the Kuningan District Court Number 5/PID.SUS/2024/PN.KNG. Data were collected through a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, including legislation, court decisions, reputable international journals, and relevant academic literature. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation and theoretical triangulation to maintain consistency, reliability, and analytical accuracy. The findings indicate that sentencing in this case reflects normative firmness and proportionality in accordance with positive law. However, the criminal justice process remains dominated by an offender-oriented approach and has not explicitly incorporated victim recovery mechanisms, such as restitution and psychological rehabilitation. As a result, the justice delivered tends to be merely symbolic from the victim’s perspective. This study also identifies that sexual crimes against children are influenced by a combination of internal offender-related factors and structural external factors. From the perspective of Dignified Justice, this research emphasizes the urgency of reformulating child criminal law to integrate offender punishment, victim recovery, and structural prevention as unified objectives of criminal justice.
Analysis of Women's Involvement in Marine Mining: Motivation, Challenges, and Perceptions of the Local Community of Belo Laut Village Mentok District West Bangka Regency
This study analyzes the involvement of women in the marine mining sector in Belo Laut Village, Mentok District, West Bangka Regency. Mining activities are indetik with masculine activities that must have physical strength, but women in Belo Laut Village play an important role in going through mining activities commonly called "Ngereman", namely bartering basic necessities with tin mining products. The data was then reduced, analyzed and interpreted with the aim of exploring the motivations, challenges and perceptions of local communities in the involvement of women in the mining sector. The results of this study show that the factor of women's involvement in the mining sector is an economic factor so that women carry out "Ngereman" activities. The challenges faced are such as a poor environment, the presence of substances that harm the body to the existence of forms of sexual harassment, both verbal and non-verbal. This mining activity has given rise to a very diverse perception of women's involvement, with some considering it a reasonable economic adaptation and part of local traditions. The results of this study are expected to provide recommendations to both the local and central governments to recognize the existence of women in informal mining activities, such as ngereman, and provide special protection regulations related to the safety, health, and rights of women in this sector. In addition, a policy of limited legal recognition of "ngereman" activities as part of the informal economy that supports poor families, accompanied by supervision and social protection mechanisms, is needed.
Economic Burden On The Women Of Pari Island
Economic stress is a first-order problem disproportionately impacting women and hampered development. There is a large body of literature on the economic burden shouldered by women. However, literature specifically on women's financial burden in Pari Island is lacking. Furthermore, understanding women's agency and grassroots initiatives could provide localized insights and contribute to broader discussions. The investigation article utilizes a feminist political economy theory to examine women's economic burden. The qualitative research methodology used a case study centered on Pari Island women who faced financial hardship. The findings show that women on Pari Island faced economic difficulties, and the Island's women's group faced obstacles as the government refused to assist them because they were perceived as a dissident organization willing to oppose the government. In addition to promoting women's empowerment, this women's organization allegedly challenged the abuses their community experienced from the government and the mining company that the Suharto dictatorship sold their property. This article recommends that the government should resolve land disputes with foreign investors who claimed the Island was sold to them by the government. To alleviate the economic burden on Pari Island's fisherwomen and petty traders, measures like gender equality, fair trade conditions, equal access to credit and financial support, inclusive policies, and an understanding of women's rights are needed. Government and non-governmental organizations should provide more assistance such as skills and entrepreneurship training.
Gone Girl as an Effort to Liberate Women’s Language Novel Gone Girl sebagai Upaya Pembebasan Bahasa Perempuan
This paper aims to reveal feminine language narrated by the author through novel Gone Girl. The novel tells the complex story of the struggle of women in liberating their language from masculine domination. As a female author, Gillian Flynn tries to create a new narrative on women. She opens the other side of women who are rarely revealed. This author's effort is the point of the discussion. How the author practices feminine language and why she did it will be the main problem in the research. Luce Irigaray’s thoughts about feminine language is used as a tool to answer the problem. In addition, the gynocritical approach is also used to explain the issue of female author who writes about woman. This paper finds that the author of the novel experienced boredom about the portrayal of mainstream women. The author offered the anti-mainstream ways to portray women. This effort becomes a tactic for the author to liberate women from masculine domination.
Copyright (c) 2020 Muwazah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SIKAP MASYARAKAT KUDUS TERHADAP UNDANG-UNDANG TENTANG PENGHAPUSAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA
This study is about PKDRT law. It gives us information that domestic violence is a real thing that happens in our society, especially in Kudus. On the one hand, civil society actually has a formula to prevent the authority and rights of their family life with PKDRT (legal elimination of domestic violence) law. On the other hand, the government has a responsibility to eliminate violence, force and coercion in family life as referred to in 11, 12 and 13 of Law No. 23 of 2004. But the most important thing is that the courage of society to show concern and the seriousness of the government to take action when violence occurs. This research shows that domestic violence is a result of power imbalance between the weak dan the strong in our society where many women that represent the weak became a victim.
Copyright (c) 2012 Muwazah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BURUH PEREMPUAN DI TENGAH KUBANGAN PARA KORUPTOR
The Center of hegemony, which is built on the common values common interests between the rulers and capitalists who incidentally are in the sex of "males", makes women workers turn out to be worse in the encirclement of the corruptors. In fact, corruption that is rampant in this country, become a series of chains of the impoverishment of women workers, therefore women workers are affected by the domino effect as caused by the corrupts. Hence, the real movement against corruption on the basis of the women becomes an urging agenda to be realized immediately, in order to give effective contribution as linked to the rampant corruption in the country and also its impact on women workers.
PARTISIPASI PEREMPUAN DALAM PUSARAN PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH (Telaah Kritis Atas Kendala Dan Solusi)
Women's participation in any development process is very important and strategic in the context of policy decisions that is favored of women. The assumption is, that women as members of society is basically have the same chances and opportunities to participate in every stage of development, since women are also the subject of development. However, there are many obstacles and barriers to encourage women to participate actively, for instances: internal or external constraints. Internal herein is relating to personal / individual of the women themselves (aspect of psychological-personality). Whereas external here is associated with things that are outside of the women themselves (structural and cultural). Thus, the solution is also varies from internal and external as well, such as increasing the capacity building for women and the socialization and education concerning the true concept of gender to the public.
GERAKAN ORGANISASI PEREMPUAN INDONESIA DALAM BINGKAI SEJARAH
Feminism movement comes forward in various parts of the world, including in Indonesia. This movement pictures a woman in the position of the oppressed, and sistematically subordinate and ideologically imprisoned. In order to release from the oppression, then, it has emerged in the history of some women's movement in Indonesia, in which women have moved forward and more focused in the improvement of the social position of women in marriage and family, and to improve the skills as a housewife by improving the education and the teaching as accompanied by an increase in skill.
PEREMPUAN DAN FEMINISME DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Women, since the beginning of their creation was equal with men, as God has determined that there is no difference between men and women; and what differs each is only the level of devotion. In Islam, women also have the same rights and obligations as men. They have the rights of the reward of good deeds, and punishment for bad deeds, and have the obligations of the same worship. There are many other areas can be viewed in the concept of Islam as a proof that Islam has put women in the same degree as men and gave many honors. However, on the ongoing development, feminism leads to the irregular liberation for the life of women. This is what ultimately contrary to the concept of equal rights and obligations between men and women in Islam.