Islam dan Human Trafficking (Upaya Nabi dalam Melawan Praktik Human Trafficking pada Masa Awal Islam)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28918/muwazah.v9i2.8994Abstract
This article examines the issue of human trafficking at once how did the Prophet effort in countering it in the early period of Islam. Indeed, the term of human trafficking has not arisen yet in the Prophet‟s period. However, because the human trafficking was considered as a modern slavery, then the hadith that narrated regarding slavery practices at the time it can be as data of this study. This study concludes the practice of the elements human trafficking have been in the Prophet‟s period, even it far away before that. Precisely Prophet Muhammad with Islam eradicates the practice of slavery bit by bit. At least, there are four efforts that the Prophet did exterminate the slavery at the time: First, to elevate the slave‟s level for equaling the normal human being and to act good to the slave. Second, to motivate the Companions in order to compete to liberate the slave. Third, to intimidate those who do the practices of human trafficking. Fourth, to make the liberation of slavery as the mechanism to apply the sanction for the infraction of religion teachings (kaffārah).
Keywords:
References
„Abd al-Salām al-Turmānīnī, Al-Riqq: Māḍīhi wa Ḥāḍirihi, Kuwait: „Ālam al-Ma‟rifah, 1979.
Abd al-Razzāq, Muṣannaf Abd al-Razzāq, edisi Ḥabīb al-Raḥmān al-Aʻẓamī, Ttp.: Al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1403/1983.
„Abdullah Nāṣiḥ „Ulwān, Niẓām al-Riqq fī al-Islām, Ttp.: Dār al-Salām, t.t.
Abū Bakr Jābi al-Jazāirī, Minhāj al- Muslim, Kairo: Dār al-Salām, t.t.
Abū „Awwānah, Musnad Abī „Awwānah, edisi Aiman bin „Ārif al-Dimashqī, Beirut: Dār al-Ma‟rifah, 1419/1998.
Abū Yaʻlā, Musnad Abī Yaʻlā, edisi Ḥusain Salīm Asasd, Beirut: Dār al- Ma‟mūn, t.t.
Aḥmad Shafīq, Al-Riqq fī al-Islām, Kairo: Mu‟assasah Hindāwī, 2013.
Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal, Musnad Aḥmad, edisi Syu„aib al-Arnā‟uṭ dan „Ādil Mursyid, Beirut: Mu‟assasah ar- Risālah, 1416/1995.
Al-Baihaqī, Shuʻab al-Īmān, Riyad: Maktabah al-Rushd, 1423/2003.
Al- Baihaqī, al-Sunan al-Kubrā, Ttp.: Tp, 1344.
Al-Baghawī, Sharḥ al-Sunnah, edisi Zuhair al-Shāwīsh dan Shuʻaib al- Arnāūṭ, Ttp.: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, t.t.
Al-Bassām, Taisīr al-„Allām Sharh „Umdah al-Aḥkām, Riyad: Dār al- Yamān, 1426/2005.
Al-Bazzār, Musnad al-Bazzār, edisi Maḥfūẓ al-Rahmān Zainullāh, Madinah: Maktab al-„Ulūm wa al- Ḥikam, 1414/1993.
Al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ Al-Bukhārī, edisi Muḥammad Zuhair bin Nāṣir al- Nāṣir, Ttp.: Dār Ṭauq al-Najāh, 1422.
Al-Dārimī, Sunan al-Dārimī, edisi Ḥusain Salīm Asad al-Dārānī, Riyad: Dār al- Mughnī, 1421/2000.
Al-Dāruquṭnī, Sunan al-Dāruquṭnī, edisi Shuʻaib al-Arnā‟ūṭ, Beirut : Mu‟assasah al-Risālah, 1424/2004.
Al-Ḥumaidī, Musnad al-Ḥumaidī, edisi Ḥusain Salīm Asad, Damaskus: Dār al-Siqā, t.t.
Al-Mubārakfūrī, Tuḥfah al-Aḥwadzī, edisi „Abd al-Raḥmān Muḥammad Utsmān, Ttp.: Dār al-Fikr, t.t.
Al-Nasā‟ī, Sunan al-Nasā‟ī, edisi Shuʻaib al-Arna‟ūṭ, Beirut: Mu‟assasah ar- Risālah, 14421/2001.
Al-Shāshī, Musnad al-Shāshī, edisi Maḥfūẓ al-Raḥmān Zainullāh, Madinah: Maktabah al-„Ulūm al- Ḥikam, 1410.
Al-Suyūṭī, Lubāb al-Nuqūl fī Asbāb al- Nuzūl, Beirut: Mu‟assasah al-Kutub al-Tsaqāfiyyah, 1422/2002.
Al-Ṭabrānī, al-Muʻjam al-Kabīr, edisi Ḥamdī „Abd al-Majīd al-Salafī, Kairo: Maktabah Ibn Taimiyyah, t.t.
Al-Ṭabrānī, al-Muʻjam al-Ausaṭ , edisi Ṭāriq bin „Auḍillah bin Muḥammad dan „Abd al-Muḥsin bin Ibrāhim al- Ḥasīnī, Kairo: Dār al-Ḥaramain, 1415/1995.
Al-Ṭabrānī, al-Muʻjam al-Ṣaghīr, edisi Muḥammad Shakūr Maḥmūd, Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1405/1985.
Al-Tirmidzī, Sunan al-Tirmidzī, edisi Ibrāhīm „Uṭwah „Iwaḍ, Ttp.: Tp, 1382/1962.
Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir, dkk., Fiqh Anti Trafiking: Jawaban atas Berbagai Kasus Kejahatan Perdangan Manusia Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam, Cirebon: Fahmina-Institute, 2006.
Ibnu Mājah, Sunan Ibn Mājah, edisi Khalīl Ma‟mun Shīḥā Beirut: Dār al- Maʻrifah, 1416/1996.
Ibnu Abī Shaibah, Musnad Ibn Abī Shaibah, edisi Abū „Abd al-Raḥmān „Ādil bin Yūsuf al-Ghazāwī dan Abū al-Fawāris Aḥmad Farīd al-Mazīdī, Riyad: Dār al-Waṭan, t.t.
Ibnu Abī Shaibah, Muṣannaf Ibn Abī Shaibah, edisi Muḥammad „Awwāmah, Beirut: Dār al-Qiblah, 1427/2006.
Ibnu Baṭṭāl, Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, edisi Abū Tamīm Yasīr bin Ibrāhīm, Riyad: Maktabah al-Rushd, t.t.
Ibnu Ḥajar al-„Asqalānī, Fatḥ al-Bārī, Beirut: Dār al-Maʻrifah, t.t.
Ibnu Ḥibbān, Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Ḥibbān, edisi Shuʻaib al-Arnā‟uṭ, Beirut: Mu‟assasah al-Risālah, 1414/1993.
Ibnu Khuzaimah, Ṣaḥīḥ Ibnu Khuzaimah, edisi Muḥammad Muṣtafā al- Aʻzhamī, Ttp.: Maktab al-Islāmī, t.t.
John Winterdyk dkk. (ed.), Human Trafficking: Exploring the International Nature, Concern, and Complexities, Florida: CRC Press, 2012.
Letizia Palumbo dan Alessandra Sciurba, “Vulnerability to Forced Labour and Trafficking: The Case of Romanian Women in the Agricultural Sector in Sicily,” Anti-Trafficking Review, issue 5 (2015), h. 89-107.
http://gaatw.org/ATR/AntiTraffickin gReview_issue5.pdf M. Shofwan, “Trafficking Perempuan dalam Hadis (Kajian Ma‟anil Hadis)”, Skripsi UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta (2009).
Majeed A. Rahman, “Human Trafficking in the Era of Globalization: the Case of Trafficking in the Global Market Economy,” Transcience Journal, vol. 2, no. 1 (2011).
Myada Omar el-Sawi, “Beyond the “Tiers” of Human Trafficking Victims: Islamic Law‟s Ability to Push the Muslim World to the Top of the United States Trafficking Tier Placements and Into Compliance with International Law,” Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, vol. 39, no. 2 (2011).
United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking, “An Introduction to Human Trafficking: Vulnerability, Impact and Action,”
h. 1. (Background Paper). https://www.unodc.org/documents/h uman- trafficking/An_Introduction_to_Hum an_Trafficking_-
_Background_Paper.pdf
United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking, “An Introduction to Human Trafficking: Vulnerability, Impact and Action.”
United Nation Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols Thereto (2004), Annexes II.
Syamsul Anwar, Studi Hukum Islam Kontemporer, Jakarta: RM Books, 2007.
Downloads
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Muwazah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
