Behaviour Changes of Elementary School Students Who Had Menarche and Educational Program Needed Relating to Menarche
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28918/muwazah.v15i1.1419Abstract
Menarche marks a critical transition in a girl's life, signaling the onset of biological and reproductive maturity, and, from a fiqh perspective, the entry into the mukallaf stage of religious responsibility. However, this biological milestone is accompanied by significant physical, emotional, and social changes that necessitate appropriate educational interventions. This qualitative study aimed to explore behavioral changes observed in elementary school students following menarche and to identify educational programs needed to support their development. Data were collected through teacher interviews and focus group discussions across six elementary schools in Pekalongan City, Central Java, Indonesia, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Findings revealed that post-menarche students exhibited increased attention-seeking behaviors towards the opposite sex, heightened self-focus on physical appearance, and active engagement on social media. However, schools lacked targeted educational programs addressing menstruation, reproductive health, and emotional development. This study emphasizes the urgent need for structured educational and counseling programs that integrate biological, psychological, and religious dimensions to support students during menarche, promoting healthy development and well-being. Collaborative efforts between schools, health departments, and educational authorities are recommended to ensure holistic student support.
Keywords:
References
Ajong, A.B., Tankala, N.N., Yakum, M.N. et al. Knowledge of peri-menarcheal changes and a comparative analysis of the age at menarche among young adolescent school girls in urban and rural Cameroon. BMC Public Health, 1661 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09787-y
Anikwe, C. C., Mamah, J. E., Okorochukwu, B. C., Nnadozie, U. U., Obarezi, C. H., & Ekwedigwe, K. C. (2020). Age at menarche, menstrual characteristics, and its associated morbidities among secondary school students in Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria. Heliyon, 6(5), e04018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04018
Creswell J. W., Poth C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
Deng, F., Tao, F. B., Wan, Y. H., Hao, J. H., Su, P. Y., & Cao, Y. X. (2011). Early menarche and psychopathological symptoms in young Chinese women. Journal of women’s health (2002), 20(2), 207–213. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2010.2102
Eshetu, N., Abebe, H., Fikadu, E. et al. Premenstrual syndrome, coping mechanisms and associated factors among Wolkite university female regular students, Ethiopia, 2021. BMC Women’s Health 22, 88 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01658-5
Guldbrandsen, K., Håkonsen, L. B., Ernst, A., Toft, G., Lyngsø, J., Olsen, J., & Ramlau-Hansen, C. H. (2014). Age of menarche and time to pregnancy. Human reproduction (Oxford, England), 29(9), 2058–2064. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deu153
Hickey M, Balen A. Menstrual disorders in adolescence: investigation and management. Hum Reprod Update. 2003 Sep-Oct;9(5):493-504. [PubMed]
Hidayat, Novendra. 2016. Otonomi Daerah dan Desentralisasi Pendidikan: (Studi Pada Jenjang Pendidikan Menengah Dinas Pendidikan Kota Sawahlunto). Jurnal Society. 4(1):35-50. DOI: 10.33019/society.v4i1.34
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/menstruation, accessed on May 21, 2022
https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100150360, accessed on May 21, 2022
Kandang Panjang Elemenetary School, 2019. Dokumen perjanjian Kerjasama antara SD Muhammdiyah 01 Kandang Panjang dengan Puskemas Kota Pekalongan tentang Pelayanan Kesehatan tahun 2019 – 2022 nomor 440/287.6/VII2019, hal. 2.
Kjolhede, C. L., & Lee, A. C. (2021). School-Based health centers and pediatric practice. Pediatrics, 148(4). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-053758
Kurniati, C. M. Chen, F. Efendi, and S. M. Berliana, “Factors influencing Indonesian women’s use of maternal health care services,” Health Care Women Int., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 3–18, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1080/07399332.2017.1393077.
Lacroix, A. E., Gondal, H., Shumway, K. R., & Langaker, M. D. (2023). Physiology, Menarche. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Lacroix, AE, Gondal. H, Shumway. KR, Langaker. MD, 2022. Physiology, Menarche.
Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470216/
Malitha, J. M., Islam, M. A., Islam, S., Al Mamun, A. S. M., Chakrabarty, S., & Hossain, M. G. (2020). Early age at menarche and its associated factors in school girls (age, 10 to 12 years) in Bangladesh: a cross-section survey in Rajshahi District, Bangladesh. Journal of physiological anthropology, 39(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-020-00218-w
Marques P, Madeira T, Gama A. Menstrual cycle among adolescents: girls’ awareness and influence of age at menarche and overweight. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2022;40:e2020494. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
Mekwunyei and T. D. Odetola, “Determinants of maternal health service utilisation among pregnant teenagers in delta state, nigeria,” Pan Afr. Med. J., vol. 37, pp. 1–17, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.11604/PAMJ.2020.37.81.16051.
Ministry Education and Higher Education Indonesia. 2022. Badan Standar, Kurikulum dan Assesment Pendidikan, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia, Kajian Akademik Kurikulum untuk Pemulihan Pembelajaran, Jakarta, Pusat Kurikulum Pembelajaran, Kemendikbudristek, 2022, hal. 13.
Personal communication dr. Endah, 2022. Diskusi dengan dr. Endah Dewianasari, bagian Pelayanan Kesehatan dinas Kesehatan Kota Pekalongan, yang juga penandatangan naskah Kerjasama sekolah dengan Puskemas, 9 September 2022.
Prawirohardjo, Sarwono. 2007. Ilmu Kandungan Edisi 2 Jilid 4. Jakarta: YBP-SP.
Schmitt, M. L., Hagstrom, C., Nowara, A., Gruer, C., Adenu-Mensah, N. E., Keeley, K., & Sommer, M. (2021). The intersection of menstruation, school and family: Experiences of girls growing up in urban cities in the U.S.A. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 26(1), 94–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2020.1867207
Schwieger, T., Campo, S., Weinstein, S. L., Dolan, L. A., Ashida, S., & Steuber, K. R. (2016). Body Image and Quality-of-Life in Untreated Versus Brace-Treated Females With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Spine, 41(4), 311–319. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000001210
Shahraki-Sanavi, F., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Mohammadi, M., Bakhshani, N. M., & Salehiniya, H. (2020). Effectiveness of school-based mental health programs on mental health among adolescents. Journal of education and health promotion, 9, 142. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_421_19
Sweet, M. G., Schmidt-Dalton, T. A., Weiss, P. M., & Madsen, K. P. (2012). Evaluation and management of abnormal uterine bleeding in premenopausal women. American Family Physician, 85, 35–43.
Tayebi, N., Yektatalab, S. & Akbarzadeh, M. Emotional and behavioral problems of 9–18-year-old girls and its relationship to menarche age. Middle East Curr Psychiatry 27, 67 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-020-00074-5
Teachers, 2022. The preliminary study was conducted by interviewing teachers at SDN Panjangwetan X, SDIT Ulul Albab, MSI XII and several parents of SD / MI students.
Undang-undang Republik Indonesia nomor 32 tahun 2004 pasal 14.
UNICEF, 2006. Manual Child Friendly School. Available at https://www.unicef.org/documents/child-friendly-schools-manual
West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & society, 1(2), 125-151.
World Health Organization, 2022, Education and provisions for adequate menstrual hygiene management at school can prevent adverse health consequences. https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/27-05-2022-education-and-provisions-for-adequate-menstrual-hygiene-management-at-school-can-prevent-adverse-health-consequences. Accessed on 8 August 2023
Downloads
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2023 MUWAZAH: Jurnal Kajian Gender
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
